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NCLE opticion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. The outer layer, know as the fibrous tunic, consists of the cornea and sclera. 2. The middle layer, know as the vascular tunic or uvea, consists of the choroid, ciliary body and iris. 3. The inner l | The layer of the globe |
| Outer layer of the globe | 1. Cornea 2. Sclera 3. Limbus |
| The middle layer( vascular tunic or uvea ) | 1. Choroid 2. Ciliary body 3. Iris |
| Inner layer | 1. Retina |
| The cornea is divided into five distinct layer | 1. Epithelium 2. Bowman's membrane 3. Stroma 4. Descemet's membrane 5. Endothelium |
| A non-pathological lipid deposit that a may appear in the periphery of the cornea, giving the appearance of a whitish ring around the outer edge. Most common in the elderly | Arcus senilis |
| Extensive swelling of the cornea caused by endothelial breakdown. Pockets of fluid called bullseye, from in the corneal tissue and rise to the epithelial surface,where they break and cause pain | Bullous keratopathy |
| Swelling, or fluid retention of corneal tissue | Edema |
| Groups of white blood cells in the corneal tissue | Infiltrates |
| Inflammation of the cornea | Keratitis |
| Inflammation of the cornea due to dryness or exposure | Keratitis sicca |
| A cone-shaped deformity of the cornea, due to a thinning of the central cornea | Keratoconus |
| A dense opacity of the cornea | Leukona |
| A medium density corneal opacity | Macula |
| A faint opacity of the cornea | Nebula |
| New blood vessels in the cornea | Neovascularization( cornea ) |
| A recurring loss of epithelial tissue after corneal injury | Recurrent corneal erosion |
| Open corneal tissue as a result of trauma, burns, or infection | Ulcer ( cornea) |
| The average cornea has the refractive power of approximately | 43D |
| A cone shaped disorder of the central cornea is called | Keratoconos |
| The junction of the cornea an sclera | Limbus |
| The refractive index of the cornea is | 1.37 |
| The cornea joins and is continuous with the | Sclera |
| Cornea edema is usually causes by | Hypoxia |
| Growth of blood vessels into the cornea is called | Neovascularization |
| All of the following are layers of the cornea except 1.Descemet's membrane 2.epithelium 3.endothelium 4.stroman'membrane | 4.stroman'membrane |
| The corneal layer that regenerates completely every 14 days is the 1.epithelium 2.Browman's membrane 3. Descemet' membrane 4. Nebula | Epithelium |
| Inflammation of the cornea is called | Keratitis |
| The main function of the middle layer of the globe is nutritional it contains the vascular system that nourishes many parts of the eye. The middle layer is also know6as the UVEAL TRACT. It contains theses structure | Choroid, ciliary body, iris |
| A congenital absence of the iris | Aniridia |
| Unequal pupil sizes | Anisocoria |
| Different colored irises | Heterochomia |
| Inflammation of the iris and ciliary body | Iritis |
| Neovascularization of the iris | Rubeosis |
| Inflammation of the uvea | Uveitis |
| With uveal tract disorder, patients may report | Visual problem especially with the accommodation, a dull, aching pain, irregularity shaped pupil or abnormal pupil response |
| A drug that causes the pupil to dilate is called | Mydryatic |
| The muscle that causes the crystalline lens to accommodate is | Ciliary |
| Neovascularization of the iris is called | Rubeosis |
| the process that secretes aqueous humor into the eye is | Ciliary process |
| One type of cone responds to visible light across the blue and of the light spectrum, another at red end, and a third across the intermediate (green) range. The variety of colors that we see is a result of the mixture and overlapping of the types of cones | Color vision there are three different types of cones, containing three different light sensitive pigments called photo pigments |
| Color blindness | Monochromatic, Dichromat, Trichoromatic |
| When the retina tears or loses contact with the choroid | Retinal detachment |
| The structure of the eye that detect color is | Cones |
| A scotoma is | An area of retinal vision loss |
| The fovea is a small depression in the | Macula |
| Retinitis pigmentosa is a hereditary disorder that affects the | Rods |
| Someone who can only see back, white and shades of gray is referred to as | Monochromat |
| The natural blind spot in each eye is found at the | Point where the optic nerve leaves the glove |
| When looking through the pupil with an ophthalmic instrument, the portion of the posterior glove that is visible is called | Fundus |
| Macula degeneration result is | A loss of central vision |
| When the retina tears it loses contact whit the | Choroid |
| The three different types of cones contain theses photo pigments | Blue, red and green |
| An eye disease where intraocular pressure exceeds normal limits is | Glaucoma |
| An eye disorder caused by developments of opacities on the crystalline lens | Cataract |
| The fluid that fill the anterior and posterior chamber is | |
| Aqueous humor | |
| The anterior chamber is located | Between the cornea and the iris |
| A person with glaucoma loses this part of their field first | Peripheral |
| Retinal tears can develop when | The vitreous degenerates or shrinks |
| Discarded aqueous humor is directed from the chamber to the ciliary veins through | Canal of schlemm |
| The total power of the crystalline lens is approximately | +60.00D |
| This loss of flexibility and accommodation of the crystalline lens lead to | Presbyopia |
| When the optic stars to "cup", this could be an indication of | Glaucoma |
| Where is the Anterior chamber | Located between the cornea an iris |
| Where is the posterior chamber | Located between the iris and crystalline lens and ciliary body |
| Chamber of the eye | Anterior chamber, posterior chamber, vitreous chamber |
| Folds of skin and tissue that protect the glove and cornea | Eyelids |
| Thin, transparent membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids that moistens the eye | Conjunctiva |
| Fringe of hair edging the eyelid that protect the eye from debris, and are sensitive to being touched | Eyelashes |
| 6 major muscle that control eye movement | Extrinsic muscle |
| Adnexa aculi structure | Eyelids, conjunctiva, eyelashes, orbit, extrinsic muscle |
| Eyelids | Eyelids or palpebrae, parse rap fissure: measures approximately 30mm horizontal by 10mm vertical, canthi, carbuncle, punctum |
| Eyelid disorder inflammation of the lid margins | Blepharitis |
| Eyelid disorder drooping of the upper eyelid | Blepharitis (ptosis) |
| Eyelid disorders a blockage and inflammation of a meibomian gland | Chalazion |
| Eyelid disorder outward turning of the eyelid | Ectropian |
| Eyelid disorder inward turning of the eyelid | Entropian |
| Eyelid disorder infection of zeis gland | Hordeolum (stye) |
| Eyelid disorder incomplete eyelid closure | Lagophthalmos |
| Eyelid disorder inward turning of the eyelashes | Trichiasis |
| Eyelid skin cancer locations and percentages | Upper eyelid 16%, lateral can thus 4%, lower eyelid 44%, medial canthus 19%, eyebrow 17% |
| The canthus is | Juncture of the upper and lower lids |
| A ptosis is | Drooping of the eyelid |
| The distance between the upper and lower eyelid is | Palpebral fissure |
| Blepharitis is a condition that affects the | Lid margins |
| The openings from which tears drain are the | Punctum |
| 44% of all eyelid skin cancers affect the | Lower eyelid |
| A hordeolum or types is an inflammation of the | Zeis gland |
| Contraction of this muscle closed the eyelid | Orbicularis |
| Conjunctiva | Palpebrae conjunctiva, bulbar conjunctiva, fornix conjunctiva |
| Conjunctiva fornices | The inferior fornix is easily observed by pulling down the lower lid, the superior fornix is deeper and more protected |
| Conjunctiva disorder | Conjunctivitis, Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) |
| Conjunctiva disorder small, flat, pigmented, benign tumor | Negus |
| Conjunctiva disorder wedge-shape overgrowth on the medial vulvar conjunctiva | Pterygium |
| Conjunctiva disorder blood from a broken vessel that is trapped under the conjunctiva | Subconjunctival hemorrhage |
| Conjunctiva disorder viral infection of the conjunctiva, producing severe scarring of the lids, and eventually affecting the cornea | Trachoma |
| A pink/red coloration of the underside of the eyelids and the outer surface of the sclera is probably | Conjunctivitis |
| Covers the anterior sclera to the limbus, and moves the eyeball movements | Bulbar conjunctiva |
| The transitional areas, between the kids and glove are called | Fornices |
| The eyelid perform all of these functions | Provide protection through the " blink reflex", distribute the tears film over de cornea, limited the amount of light entering the eye |
| This disorder is characterized by large bumps that appear on the conjunctiva surface of the upper lid | Giant papillary conjunctiva |
| Lacrimal system the pre-corneal teas film that results from each blink consists of three layer | Lipid layer, aqueous layer, mucous layer |
| Other common lacrimal drainage disorder tear spilling onto cheeks due to faulty drainage | Epiphora |
| Other common lacrimal drainage disorder inflammation of the cornea due to dryness associated with a tear deficiency | Keratitis sicca |
| Pre-corneal tears film lipid layer | The outermost layer consisting of oils secreted by the meibomian and zeis gland in the eyelid. This layer of oil minimizes evaporation of the underlying watery layer, and prevents tears from spilling out onto the eyelid |
| Pre-corneal tears film aqueous layer | Secreted by the main lacrimal gland that is located above the eyeball on the lateral side. It makes up the majority of the tears film, and responsible for keeping the outer layer of the cornea moist |
| Pre-corneal mucous layer | Made of mucous from the goblet cell, it adheres to the cornea, and creates smooth surface over which the tears can spread easily |
| All of the following are function of the pre-corneal tears film | Acting as a lubricant to the cornea, providing the tears the occur when crying, providing a smooth optical surface for the cornea |
| Secretions from which of the following form the oily layer of the pre-corneal tear film | Meibomian gland |
| Dextroversion | Both eyes moving to the right |
| Levoversion | Both eyes moving to the left |
| Supraversion | Both eyes moving upward |
| Infraversion | Both eyes moving downward |
| Convergence | Both eyes moving inward, nasally |
| Divergente | Both eyes moving outward, temporarily |
| A person with diplopia | Sees two object |
| Each eye has how many extrinsic muscle that assists with eye movement | Six 6 (4 recti and 2 oblique) |
| Amblyopia is typically treated with | Occluded lens |
| The ability to maintain single binocular vision with both eye is called | Fusion |
| The term that describes both eye moving to the right is | Dextroversion |
| The muscle that moves the eye medially toward the nose is the | Media rectus |
| The muscle that moves the eye downward and outward is the | Inferior oblique |
| The term that describes what both eyes do when reading | Convergence |
| Five extrinsic muscle attach to the orbit at the ring of fibrous tissue called the | Annulus of Zinn |
| The imaginary line that connects the object with the fovea at the center of the macula is called the | Visual axis |
| The orbit | 1. Optic Foramen 2. Superior Orbital Fissure ( annulus of Zinn |
| Medial rectus | Movement medially toward the nose, origination annulus of Zinn, abductor |
| Lateral rectus | Movement laterally or outward, origination annulus of Zinn, abductor |
| Superior rectus | Movement upward, origination annulus of Zinn, elevation |
| Inferior rectus | Movement downward, origination annulus of Zinn, depression |
| Superior oblique | Movement downward & inward, origination annulus of Zinn, intorsion |
| Inferior oblique | Movement downward & outward, origination near the nasolacrimal duct, extorsion |
| Wearing schedule | 1. Daily (DW) 2. Extended (EW) |
| Soft lens material | 1. PolyHema(HMA) 2. Silicone Hydrogel |
| RGP contact lenses are also available in the following lens designs | . Spherical, toric, multifocal, Otho-K |
| RGP Materials | Silicone Acrylate(SA), Fluoro-Silicone/Acrylate |
| Contact lenses are designed to cling to the tear layer, and cover the | Cornea |
| Disposable lenses are designed to be replaced | Daily or up to every two weeks |
| Frequent replacement lenses are designed to be replaced | Monthly or quarterly |
| Conventional lenses are designed to be replaced | Every six months or longer |
| Check the three(3) reasons why RGP lenses might be prescribed | 1. To correct for astigmatism when a Toric lens did not provide acceptable vision. 2. For patients with keratoconus. 3. For use in the ortho-k process where lenses are worn during sleep to reshape the cornea |
| Check the statements about the silicone Hydrogel contact lens material that are TRUE | Is the latest in soft contact lens technology, available in both Daily wear and Extended wear, allows more oxygen to transfer through the material, and provides all day comfort |
| Enhancement tint colored contact lenses | Darken or intensify the existing eye color |
| Opaque tint colored contact lenses | Dramatically change the eye color |
| Check all the characteristics of a Toric contact lens | The bottom of the lens is weighted to ensure that it remains stationary on the eye when the patient blinks or looks around,correct for astigmatism |
| Who determines the wearing schedule ( modality) for the patient's lenses | The wearing schedule is prescribed by the doctor |
| . The first hydrogel CL material . Has a limited ability to dissolve and transfer oxygen to the cornea .available in both Daily and extender | PolyHema (HEMA ) |
| . The latest in CL . More oxygen to pass through the lens. More wearing comfort. Available both Daily wear and Extended | Silicone Hydrogel |
| A dense opacity of the cornea | Leukona |
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