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A&P Ch 20
Endocrine System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Of the endocrine glands, this gland in the brain secretes melatonin in response to decreasing sunlight. | Pineal Gland |
Of the endocrine glands, the hormones from this gland help regulate metabolism: | Thryoid gland |
Of the endocrine glands, the hormones from this gland help regulate blood calcium levels. | Parathyroid Glands |
This endocrine gland produces cortisol and releases it in times of stress as well as it produces adrenalin. | Adrenal glands |
The male endocrine gland that produces testosterone. | Testes |
The female endocrine gland that produces estrogen and progesterone. | Ovary |
Where is antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin stored and released? | Posterior Pituitary |
Where are ACTH, FSH, hGH, LH, PRL and TSH produced? | Anterior Pituitary |
Where are the releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones that regulate output from the anterior pituitary produced? | Hypothalamus |
Where do the releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones that regulate output from the anterior pituitary reach the anterior pituitary? | Hypophyseal portal veins |
Which cell secretes glucagon in the pancreatic islet? | Alpha cell |
Which cell secretes the blood glucose-reducing hormone and secretes insulin of the pancreatic islet? | Beta cell |
Which cell secretes the hormone that raises blood glucose of the pancreatic islet? | Alpha Cell |
Which cells of the adrenal gland secrete mainly aldosterone? | Adrenal Cortex: Outer zone secretes mineralocorticoids, mainly aldosterone |
Which cells of the adrenal gland secrete androgens? | Inner zone |
Which cells of the adrenal gland secrete epinephrine or adrenaline? | Adrenal Medulla |
Which cells of the adrenal gland secrete cortisol and other glucocorticoids? | Middle zone |
List 3 endocrine glands | Adrenal gland, Thyroid gland, and Parathyroid gland |
Generally, how many receptors for a hormone can be found on a target cell? | 2,000- 100,000 |
The lipid soluble hormones include | Thyroid hormones, Steroids, Nitric Oxide |
List the following ways hormone secretion is regulated? | Signals from the nervous system, Chemical changes in the blood, and The action of other hormones |
What controls the anterior pituitary gland? | Action of hypothalamic hormones |
Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates growth? | Human growth hormone |
Which of the anterior pituitary hormones stimulates milk production? | Prolactin |
Which of the anterior pituitary hormones stimulates the production of cortisol? | Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
Which of the anterior pituitary hormones stimulates sex cell production? | Luteinizing hormone |
Which hormones does the posterior pituitary produce? | Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone |
The amount of ADH (antidiurectic hormone)that is secreted varies with | Blood osmotic pressure |
Which of the glands regulate basal metabolic rate? | Thyroid gland |
Which hormone promotes basal metabolic rate? | Thyroid hormone |
Which of the hormones opposes the action of parathyroid hormone? | Calcitonin |
Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of which ions in the blood? | Calcium |
Which blood glucose-lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells? | Insulin |
Which hormone is stimulated by decreases in blood glucose? | Glucagon |
What is a role of aldosterone? | Increase reabsorption of sodium ions from urine |
List 3 effects of the glucocorticoid; | Glucose formation, Immune suppression, Reduction of inflammation |
The hormone that controls release of the stress hormone, cortisol, from the adrenal glands is | ACTH =Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |