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Path Nervous System
Pathologies of the Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Seizure | Disturbances in electrical brain activity, resulting in temporary brain dysfunction |
| Spinal cord injury | Trauma or compression of spinal cord; impairs nerve transmission, affecting sensation, voluntary movement, and autonomic functions |
| Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder | Neurologic disorder in which the affected person displays behavior associated with inattentiveness, hyperactivity, impulsivity, or a combination |
| Autism | describes a groupof complex developmental disorders characterized byproblems with interpersonal interaction, communication,and learning |
| Alzheimer's | Progressive, degenerative disease that impair intellect and social abilities enough to interfere with daily functioning |
| Parkinson's | Progressive degenerative disease of the CNS that destroys the area of the brain that regulates coordination, movement and posture |
| Transient ischemic attack | A temporary lack of adequate blood and oxygen to the brain; has the signs and symptoms of a stroke, but goes away within a short period of time |
| Stroke | Cerebrovascular accident; interrupted blood flow to one or more parts of the brain. Ranges from mild to severe |
| Migraine headache | Moderate, severe, or excruciating pain in head, often throbbing, usually unilateral. Pain aggravated by activity. Duration = 4 hours to 3 days; may include nausea and vomiting, watery eye, runny nose. Often preceded by "aura" |
| Trigeminal neuralgia | Severe, “lightning-like” stabbing pain along one or more of the three branches of cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve |
| Bell palsy | Impairment of facial nerve on one side of face, producing flaccid paralysis: drooping, difficulty eating and drinking, and closing eye |
| Peripheral neuropathy | A Term that usually describes an injury or a disease of one or more spinal nerves supplying skin or muscle, most often in the hands, feet, or both |
| Depression | general name for several conditions characterized by sadness, apathy, low self-esteem, and guilt |
| Anxiety Disorder | Chronic, pervasive, overwhelming, and possibly disabling feeling of being unsafe, with irrational or extreme dread of everyday situations |
| Encephalitis | Brain infection and inflammation, usually caused by a virus |
| Cluster Headache | Rapidly developing, moderate to severe throbbing, piercing head pain, typically focused around one eye, lasting 45–90 minutes |
| Tension Headache | Pressure, tightness, steady mild to moderate pain around head and/or neck; tenderness in muscles of shoulders, neck and head; not usually aggravated by activity, duration = 30 minutes to 1 week |
| Meningitis | Infection and inflammation of the layers of tissue surrounding brain and spinal cord, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection (viral tends to be less severe) |
| Post Polio Syndrome | Characterized by sudden fatigue, muscle weakness, muscle and joint pain, breathing or swallowing problems, sleep-related breathing problems, intolerance of cold, and muscle weakness |
| Epilepsy | history of two or more unprovoked (not caused by known agent) seizures |
| Double Crush Syndrome | Compression of a centrally located peripheral nerve with additional compression at distally located sites of the same nerve |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | Also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease in the US and motor neurone disease in Great Britain; a progressive and fatal condition that destroys motor neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems, leading to the atrophy of voluntary muscles. |
| Dystonia | involves repetitive,involuntary, sometimes sustained contractions of skeletalmuscles. Symptoms oen reach a peak and then stabilizeor subside in intensity, but they may recur |
| Tremor | involuntary oscillating move- ments on a fixed plane. this can be a freestanding disor-der, or a symptom of a number of different types of CNS problems |
| Herpes zoster | an infection of the nervous system causedby the varicella zoster virus (VZV). In this case, the virustargets the dendrites at the receiving ends of sensoryneurons, which leads to painful, fluid-filled blisters on thenerve endings of a specific dermatome |
| Additction | a disease involving uncontrollable drug or alcohol use or drug seeking, despite harmful consequences, and this is accompanied by changes in the brain that can be long lasting; also known as substance use disorder |
| Bipolar disorder | marked by mood swings on a continuum from major depression to mania |
| Eating disorders | a variety of unhealthy eating habitsthat become difficult or even impossible to reverse. they may arise in response to emotional or physical stressors |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorders | a group of conditions that involve intractable thought patterns and repetitive behaviors to try to control those thoughts. These conditions can range in severity frommild to severe and debilitating |
| Posttraumatic stress disorders | experienced by a person who was exposed to death, actual or threatened injury, or violence, either as a participant or as an in-person witness. |
| Complex regional pain syndrome | a collection of signs and symptoms that involve self-sustaining and long-lasting pain and changes to the skin, muscles, joints, nerves, and blood vessels of the affected areas |
| Traumatic brain injury | an insult to the brain brought about by some kind of accident rather than by congenital or degenerative conditions. e trauma leads to altered states of consciousness; cognitive impairment; and disruption of physical, emotional, and behavioral function |
| Cerebral palsy | a collective term for many possible injuries to the brain that may occur during gestation, birth, and early infancy |
| Fibromyalgia | a multifac-torial condition involving problems with neurotrans-mitter and hormone imbalances, sleep disorders, andchronic pain felt in muscles, tendons, ligaments, andother so tissues |
| Sleep Disorders | disorders that interfere with the ability to fall asleep, stay asleep, or wake up feeling refreshed |
| Vestibular balance disorders | a group of condi- tions that can cause the vestibular branch of cranial nerve VIII to malfunction, leading to debilitating vertigo that may last anywhere from a few seconds to many hours |
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