Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Lipid Physiology
Cardiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fredrickson phenotype I | Serum conc of chylomicrons elevated; trigs are elevated to >99th percentile |
| Fredrickson phenotype IIa | Serum LDL chol elevated; the total chol is >90th percentile. Triglyceride and/or apolipoprotein B may also be ≥ 90th percentile |
| Fredrickson phenotype IIb | Serum LDL & VLDL elevated; TC and/or trigs may be ≥ 90th percentile and apolipoprotein B ≥ 90th percentile |
| Increased Apo A-I prodn has what effect in animals? | Anti-atherogenic (reduced atherosclerosis progression; regression of existing dz) |
| Mechanisms by which oxidized LDL causes atherogenesis | Endothelial damage; changes in vasc tone; Monocyte/ macrophage recruitment; increased LDL uptake by macrophages (foam cell formation); Induction of GF; Increased plt aggregation; Formation of auto-Abs to oxidized LDL |
| HDL antiatherogenic properties include: | Reverse chol transport; antioxidation; protection vs thrombosis; maintenance of endothelial fn; maintenance of low blood viscosity thru permissive action on red cell deformability |
| Process whereby excess cholesterol in cells and in atherosclerotic plaques is removed | Reverse cholesterol transport |
| Fredrickson phenotype III | Serum VLDL remnants & chylomicrons elevated; TC & trigs >90th percentile |
| Fredrickson phenotype IV | Serum VLDL elevated; TC may be >90th percentile & may also see trigs >90th percentile or low HDL |
| Fredrickson phenotype V | Elevated serum chylomicrons & VLDL; triglycerides >99th percentile |
| Hypertriglyceridemia & CHD: Assoc disorders | Accumulation of chylomicron remnants & VLDL remnants; generation of small, dense LDL-C; assoc w/ low HDL-C; increased coagulability (inc plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1); inc factor VIIc; activation of prothrombin to thrombin |
| Lipids carried by LPs for: | energy utilization; lipid deposition; steroid hormone prodn; bile acid formation |
| Lipoprotein consists of: | esterified & unesterified chol, trigs, phospholipids, & protein |
| Protein components of the lipoprotein = | apolipoproteins or apoproteins. |
| Apolipoproteins = | cofactors for enzymes and ligands for receptors |
| Defects in apolipoprotein metabolism lead to: | abnormalities in lipid handling |
| Very large particles that carry dietary lipid = | chylomicrons |
| Chylomicrons are assoc with: | Apolipoproteins (including A-I, A-II, A-IV, B-48, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E) |
| LDL carries: | cholesterol esters |
| LDL assoc with [which protein]: | apolipoprotein B-100. |
| HDL carries: | cholesterol esters |
| HDL is associated with [proteins]: | apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, C-I, C-II, C-III, D, and E |
| One mechanism by which LDL promotes atherosclerosis | oxidative modification |
| VLDL carries: | endogenous trigs (& to a lesser degree chol) |
| Major apolipoproteins assoc with VLDL: | B-100, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E |
| Intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) carries: | chol esters & triglycerides |
| IDLs are assoc with [proteins]: | apolipoproteins B-100, C-III, and E |
| Function of CETP | transfers oxidized lipids from LDL to HDL |
| The oxidized lipids in HDL are reduced by: | HDL apolipoproteins |
| What does the liver do with reduced lipids? | Liver takes up reduced lipids from HDL more rapidly than from LDL |
| Hypoalphalipoproteinemia = | Low serum HDL; assoc w/ increased risk of overt CHD |
| Strategies for HDL metab as tx target | Increase apo A-I prodn; promote reverse chol transport; delay HDL catabolism |
| Effect of ETOH (wine, beer) on HDL-C | increases HDL-C |
| Theoretical effect of CTEP inhibitors | Lower LDL; increase HDL |
| Familial Dyslipidemias | Fredrickson phenotypes III, IV, & V |
| high levels of trigs may directly promote: | atherothrombosis |
| high levels of trigs assoc w/ increases in: | fibrinogen, clotting factors VII & X, & blood viscosity |
| Framingham focuses on which lipid: | TC (but LDL is primary tx target) |
| Framingham 10-yr CHD risk categories | r >20%, 10-20%, and <10% |
| Low HDL-C is an Independent Predictor of CHD Risk even when: | LDL-C is Low |
| Metab syndrome/girth increases genetic susceptibility to: | dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 DM |
| Metabolic syndrome | 3 of 5: abd obesity (waist men >40 in & women >35 in. TG ≥150 or tx for TG. HDL <40 (M) & <50 (F) or tx for low HDL. BP ≥130/85 or tx for HTN. FPG ≥100 or tx |
| 3 levels of prevention | Primary: remove risk factors; secondary: early detection & tx; tertiary: reduce complications |
| A: fat contribute to CV dz; B: fat may be cardioprotective | A: Saturated & trans fat; B: monounsaturated & polyunsaturated fat |
| Lipids carried by LPs for: | energy utilization; lipid deposition; steroid hormone prodn; bile acid formation |
| Lipoprotein consists of: | esterified & unesterified chol, trigs, phospholipids, & protein |
| Protein components of the lipoprotein = | apolipoproteins or apoproteins. |
| Apolipoproteins = | cofactors for enzymes and ligands for receptors |
| Low HDL: risk factors | SMK; sedentary;obese; insulin resistant/ DM; hypertriglyceridemia; chronic inflammatory dz |
| Cardioprotective HDL = | >60 mg/dL (>75 assoc w/ longevity syndrome) |
| Familial Dyslipidemias | Fredrickson phenotypes III, IV, & V |
| high levels of trigs assoc w/ increases in: | fibrinogen, clotting factors VII & X, & blood viscosity |
| HLD primary risk factors | Diet, genetic, obesity, sporadic |
| HLD secondary risk factors | DM, uremia, metabolic & nephrotic syndromes, hypothyroid, PG, acromegaly, Cushing dz, drugs |
| Drugs associated with secondary HLD risk factor: | BB, diuretics, steroids, OCP, progestins, EtOH (for TGs) |
Created by:
Abarnard
Popular Medical sets