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MT - Ch. 14
Essentials of Medical Terminology - Ch. 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| structures of the respiratory system | nose & nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs |
| external nares | nostrils (allow both inspiration & expiration of air) |
| inhalation (inspiration) | breathing in of air |
| exhalation (expiration) | breathing out of air |
| cilia | the hairs (in the nares filter out dust particles in the air) |
| nasal cavity | extends from the external nares to the pharynx |
| nasal septum | divide into the right and left cavities |
| paranasal sinuses | hollow spaces with in skull (lie above, between, & under the eyes...frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary sinus) |
| olfactory neurons (lining of the nasal tract) | nasal cavity warms & moistens air & provides us with sense of smell |
| pharynx | throat |
| pharynx consists | nasopharynx, the oropharynx, & the laryngopharynx |
| nasopharynx | posterior to the nasal cavity |
| nasopharynx contains | internal nares opening into the nasal cavity & openings into the eustachian tube |
| oropharynx contsins | tonsils |
| laryngopharynx | opens into the larynx & esophagus |
| larynx | voice box |
| adam's apple (portion of larynx) | large shield of cartilage protecting inner structures |
| epiglottis | is a flap that swings up & down o close off air passage during swallowing |
| vocal cords | responsible for sound (are mucous membrane containing a slit called the glottis |
| vibration of vocal cords | produces sound |
| trachea | windpipe (connecting to the bronchi) |
| trachea consists | of muscle & C-shape cartilage, lined with mucous membrane & cilia |
| in the lungs | 2 primary bronchi divide into secondary & tertiary bronchi, which connect to bronchioles |
| lungs | lie in the thoracic cavity |
| apex | top of lung |
| base | bottom of lung |
| blood vessels, nerves, bronchi, & lymph vessels form | the root & enter at the hilum |
| right lung | has superior, middle, & inferior lobes |
| left lung | has superior & inferior lobes |
| respiratory bronchioles connected | by alveolar ducts w/the alveoli (which are tiny balloons responsible for gas exchange w/ the pulmonary capillaries |
| pleural cavity | surrounds the lungs |
| mediastinal cavity | between the lungs |
| coni/o | dust |
| oligo- | scanty; few |
| adenoid/o | adenoids |
| -ectomy | excision |
| adenoidectomy | excision of the adenoids |
| alveol/o | alveolus; air sacs |
| -ar | pertaining to |
| alveolar | pertaining to the alveolous |
| alveolitis | inflammation of the alveolus |
| bronchi/o; bronch/o | bronchus |
| -ectasis | dilation; stretching |
| bronchiectasis | dilation of the bronchus |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchus |
| -or | person or thing that does something |
| dilat/o | dilation; widening |
| bronchodilator | drugs used to dilate the bronchus to relieve bronchospasm |
| -scopy | process of visual examination |
| bronchoscopy | process of visually examing the bronchus |
| -spasm | sudden, involuntary contraction |
| bronchospasm | sudden, involuntary contraction of the bronchus |
| -genic | produced by |
| carcinoma | malignant tumor |
| bronchogenic carcinoma | malignant tumor of the lung |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiloles; little bronchi |
| bronchiolitis | inflammation of the bronchioles |
| laryng/o | larynx; voice box |
| -eal | pertaining to |
| laryngeal | pertaining to the voice box |
| laryngospasm | sudden, involuntary contraction of the voice box |
| lob/o | lobe |
| -ar | pertaining to |
| lobar | pertaining to the lobe of the lung |
| -ectomy | excision; surgical removal |
| lobectomy | excision of a lobe of the lung |
| muc/o | mucus (sticky, thick secretion of mucous membrane) |
| -lytic | breakdown; destruction; separate |
| mucolytic | drugs used to break down thick mucus so it be coughed up |
| mucus | is the noun |
| mucous | is the adjective, as in mucous membrane |
| nas/o | nose |
| lacrim/o | lacrimal apparatus, tears |
| nasolacrimal | pertaining to the nose & lacrimal apparatus |
| pharyng/o | pharynx; throat |
| nasopharyngeal | pertainng to the nasopharynx (portion of the pharynx located behind the nose) |
| -eal | pertaining to |
| ox/o | oxygen |
| -ia | state of; condtion |
| a(n) | no; not; lack of |
| anoxia | lack of oxygen (interchangeably with hypoxia) |
| an- is used instead | a-before component parts beginning with a vowel |
| hypoxia | deficiency of oxygen |
| hypo- | deficient; abnormal decrease |
| pector/o | chest |
| pectoral | pertaining to the chest |
| pharyng/o | pharynx; throat |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| pharyngoglossal | pertaining to the pharynx & tongue |
| phren/o | diaphragm |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| phrenic | pertaining to the diaphragm |
| -tomy | process of cutting |
| phrenotomy | process of cutting into the diaphragm |
| pleur/a; pleur/o | pleura; pleural cavity |
| -algia | pain |
| pleuralgia | pain in the pleura |
| pneumat/o; pneum/o | air; respiration; lungs |
| pneumatic | pertaining to air or respiration |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition of dust in the lungs; black lung |
| pneumopleuritis | inflammation of the lungs & pleura |
| pneumon/o; pulmon/o | lungs |
| pneumonia | inflammation of the lung (also known as pneumonitis) |
| -ia | condition; state of |
| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs |
| -ary | pertaining to |
| rhin/o | nose |
| -logist | specialist |
| otorhinolaryngologist | specialist in the study of the structure, function, diseases, & treatment of the ears, nose & throat |
| ot/o | ear |
| laryng/o | voice box; larynx |
| otorhinolaryngology | study of the ear, nose, & throat, including their structure, function, & diseases (ENT) |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose |
| -rrhea | discharge |
| rhinorrhea | discharge from the nose |
| rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose; plastic surgery on the nose for cosmetic or reconstructive purposes; nose job |
| sinus/o | sinuses |
| pan- | all |
| pansinusitis | inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses |
| sinusotomy | process of cutting into the sinsu |
| spir/o | breathing |
| -meter | instrument used to measure |
| spirometer | instrument used to measure airflow & volume into & out of the lungs |
| spirometry | process of measuring airflow & volume into & out of the lungs |
| steth/o | chest |
| stethoscope | instrument used to listen to chest scope |
| thorac/o | chest |
| -centesis | surgical puncture |
| thoracocentenis | surgical punture to remove fluid from the pleural cavity (also known as thoracentesis, pleurocentesis, & pleuracentesis) |
| -dynia | pain |
| thoracodynia | chest pain |
| -plasty | surgical reconstruction |
| thoracoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the thorax |
| thoracotomy | process of cutting into the chest |
| tonsill/o | tonsils |
| tonsillar | pertaining to the tonsils |
| tonsillectomy | excision of the tonsils |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils |
| tonsillotome | instrument used to cut the tonsils |
| trache/o | trachea; windpipe |
| endo- | within |
| endotracheal | pertaining to within the trachea |
| laryngotracheobronchitis | inflammation of the larynx, trachea, & bronchus; also known as croup |
| tracheoesophageal | pertaining to the trachea & esophagus |
| -stomy | new opening |
| tracheostomy | new opening into the trachea is created through the neck & a tube is inserted to assist breathing (may be temporary or permanent) |
| -capnia | carbon dioxide |
| hypercapnia | excessive amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hypocapnia | decreased amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| -graphy | process of recording; produce images |
| bronchography | process of producing an image of the bronchi following injection of contrast medium |
| angi/o | vessel |
| pulmonary angiography | process of producing an image of the blood vessels of the lung following injection of contrast medium |
| pulmon/o | lungs |
| -phonia | voice |
| a- | no; not; lack of |
| aphonia | loss of voice |
| dys- | difficult bad; painful |
| dysphonia | difficulty in speaking |
| -pnea | breathing |
| apnea | no breathing |
| bradypnea | slow breathing |
| dyspnea | painful breathing |
| eupnea | normal breathing |
| hyperpnea | abnormal increase in depth & rate of breathing |
| oligo- | scanty; few |
| oligopnea | infrequent breathing resulting in a reduction of air entering the lungs |
| ortho- | straight |
| orthopnea | breathing only in the upright position |
| tachypnea | fast breathing |
| -ptysis | spitting |
| hemoptysis | spitting up of blood |
| -thorax | chest |
| hemothorax | blood in the pleural cavity |
| hydr/o | water |
| hydrothorax | fluid in the pleural cavity |
| pneum/o | air |
| pneumothorax | collection of air in the pleural cavity |
| py/o | pus |
| pyothorax | pus in the pleural cavity |
| IRV | inspiratory reserve of volume (test of pulmonary function) |
Created by:
ltravis
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