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HUM#2 Terms
Rococo through Realism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| opera | A text based musical drama |
| aria | An elaborate solo or duet to express feeling and emotion |
| recitative | Dialogue speaking part, still sung but less of an emphasis on the melody. Imitates closely to the rhythms of speech |
| chorus | The 'choir'. Or company of actors who comment on the action of the drama |
| castrato | A male singer who was castrated before puberty in order to retain his high voice |
| Rococo | The highly decorative and ornate style employed by the French court. Light assymetrical pastel colors. Love and pleasure. Intense, elaborate. |
| cartouche | Elaborate frame around paintings. Delicate. In egypte it is reserved for the names of rulers and their wives. |
| philosophes | The “philosophers” who dominated the intellectual life of the French Enlightenment and who frequented salons. aspired to establish a new social order of morals and ethics. Most were deists. |
| chinoiserie | A term used to define the European taste for “all things Chinese.” |
| deism | The brand of faith that argues that the basis of belief in God is reason and logic rather than revelation or tradition. |
| salon | A room designed especially for social gatherings; later, also referred to the social gathering itself. Salonnieres were the women who hosted these gatherings. |
| Neoclassicism | Expression of democracy. Replecating classical style of rome and greece. |
| three estates | One of three traditional groups that comprised the Estates General in France. The First Estate was the clergy; the Second Estate was the nobility; and the Third Estate was the rest of the population, composed of the bourgeoisie and the peasants. |
| sublime | Overwhelming emotion (ex. storms, mountains), large overwhelming. |
| picturesque | Naturally occuring nice scene. Irregularities but they work (ex. cute little garden) |
| Hegelian dialectic | The prevailing set of ideas, called the “thesis,” finds itself opposed by a conflicting set of ideas, the “antithesis.” This conflict resolves itself in a “synthesis,” which inevitably establishes itself as the new thesis. |
| Promethean hero | A person who has done good by performing a rebellious act. Ex. Gericault and his painting "Medusa" of a shipwreck. Challeneged the authority. |
| idée fixée | An idea that dominates one’s mind for a prolonged period |
| concert overture | tradition of performing opera overtures in the concert hall and that consists of a single movement usually connected in some way with a narrative plot known to the audience. |
| lieder | Songs, generally written for solo voice and piano. |
| étude | In music, a study that addresses particular technical challenges. |
| polonaise | A stylized version of the Polish dance. |
| positivism | every rationally justifiable assertion can be scientifically verified or is capable of logical or mathematical proof, and that therefore rejects metaphysics and theism. |
| proletariat | A class of workers lacking ownership of the means of production (tools and equipment) and control over both the quality and price of their own work. |
| bourgeoisie | Middle-class merchants, shopkeepers, and businessmen. |
| socialism | a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. |
| lithography | Literally “stone writing,” this printing process depends on the fact that oil and water do not mix. The process of printing from a flat surface treated so as to repel the ink except where it is required for printing. |
| daguerrotype | A photographic process developed in the early 1800s that yielded a positive image on a polished metal plate; named after one of its two inventors, Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre. |
| calotype | An early photographic process in which sensitized paper, exposed for a few seconds, holds a latent image that is brought out and developed by dipping the paper in gallic acid. |
| photography | New invention to get images, rather than painting. Not as detailed as a painting could be. |
| Haussmannization | The term used to describe Baron Haussmann’s approach to urban redevelopment, including the mass destruction of working-class neighborhoods. Widen streets so people can't make barricades. Helped with traffic control and air flow. |
| places-carrefours | a crossroads. a public square, plaza, or marketplace where roads converge. |
| grands boulevards | a wide street in a town or city, typically one lined with trees. |
| flâneur | A French version of the aristocratic English dandy. A man-about-town, with no apparent occupation, strolling the city, studying and experiencing it dispassionately. Lounger |
| Paris Salon | the official exhibition of the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture |
| Naturalism | In art, representations that imitate the reality in appearance of natural objects. In art, representations that imitate the reality in appearance of natural objects. |
| avant-garde | this military term is used to describe artists and other creative groups on the cutting edge. expirimental and unusual ideas |
| leitmotif | In opera, a brief musical idea connected to a character, event, or idea that recurs throughout the work. music that signals a specific character (darth vader theme song). Used by Wagner |
| Gesamtkunstwerk | A total work of art, one that synthesizes music, drama, poetry, gesture, architecture, and painting. Total work of art - what you see but also what you hear. Used by Wagner |
| Crystal Palace | a structure of prefabricated iron units, glass, and wood, built in London to house the Exhibition of 1851 |
| Great Exhibition | took place in Hyde Park, London. It was the first in a series of World's Fairs, exhibitions of culture and industry that became popular |
| opera seria | "serious opera", emphasizing virtuoso singing, featuring themes from ancient history and mythology |
| opera buffa | comic opera featuring every day characters |
| dramma giocoso | "comic drama". Combine both opera seria and opera buffa styles |
| symphony | A musical composition typically consisting of a first movement played in a fast tempo (allegro); a second movement that is slow (adagio or andante); a third that picks up the pace again; and a fourth that is generally allegro again, spirited and lively. |
| Beautiful | human-made, tidy, organized, under human control, well-balanced |
| exposition | 2 principal melodies, easy to hum, not super elaborate |
| sonata form | A kind of small form within the larger symphonic form. Consisting of exposition, development, recapitulation and coda |
| development | Variations on the principal melody, different keys, etc |
| recapitulation | Return to principal key and melody |
| coda | The concluding section |
| coup d'etat | a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government. |
Created by:
sara_hillyer
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