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Infection Control
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| microorganism | small, living organism that is not visible to the naked eye |
| nonpathogens | microorganisms that are a part of the normal flora of the body and are beneficial in maintaining certain body processes |
| pathogens | microorganisms that cause infection and disease |
| aerobic | microorganisms that require oxygen to live |
| anaerobic | microorganisms that live and reproduce in the absence of oxygen |
| bacteria | simple, one-celled organisms that mulitply rapidly |
| protozoa | one celled animal like organisms often found in decayed materials, animals, bird feces, and contaminated water |
| fungi | simple plantlike organisms that live on dead organic matter such as yeasts, can cause ring worm or athlete's foot |
| rickettsiae | parasitic microorganisms that are commonly found on fleas, lice, ticks, and mites |
| viruses | smallest microorganisms, visible only using an electron microscope |
| helminths | multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or flukes |
| Endogenous | infection or disease originates inside the body |
| exogenous | infection or disease originates outside the body |
| nosocomial | hospital-acquired or healthcare assoicated infection, acquired by a pateint in a health care facility |
| opportunistic | infections that occur when the body's defenses (immune system) are weak |
| chain of infection | these 6 links or conditions must be met for disease to occur and spread from one individual to another |
| infectious agent | a germ (pathogen) that can cause a disease or illness |
| reservoir | area where the infectious agent can live (human body, animals, objects) |
| portal of exit | the path in which the infectious agent leaves the reservoir in which it has been growing |
| mode of transmission | the way the infectious agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host where it can live (transmitted directly or indirectly) |
| portal of entry | a way the infectious agent enters a new host (immune systems determines whether or not the body accepts the germ) |
| susceptible host | a person likely to get an infection or disease, usually because the body defenses are weak |
| sterile | free from all organisms including spores and viruses |
| contaminated | means that organisms and pathogens are present |
| antisepsis | prevents or inhibits growth of pathogenic organisms |
| disinfection | process that destroys or kills pathogenic organisms not always effective against spores and viruses |
| sterilization | a process that destroys all microorganisms including spores and viruses (example autoclave) |
| bioterrorism | the use of microorganisms, or bioogic agens, as weapons to infect humans, animals, or plants |
| standard precautions | rules developed by the CDC to prevent the spread of infection |
| sharps containers | red container used to dispose of needles, scalpel, etc |
| biohazard red bag | used to dispose any biohazardous waste, example contaminated dressings from wounds, bloody gloves, soiled bandages |
Created by:
amy.ellis
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