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World History ch 6-8
Every thing that is on the study guide for chapters 6 - 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Justinian | Byzantine emperor who ruled during the Byzantine Empire's height. |
| Theodora | Justinian's wife who convinced him to not flee from a revolt. (the Nika Revolt.) |
| Hagia Sophia | A beautiful church built by Justinian. |
| icons | Pictures, images, or renderings of holy people or things. |
| excommunicated | Excluding an individual from the fellowship of the church. |
| Crusades | Military campaigns that were supposed to free the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims/Turks. 4th crusade attacked Constantinople. |
| Ottoman Turks | The people who finally destroyed Constantinople. |
| mosaic | Popular form of art made by inlaying tiny pieces of stone or glass into wet cement. |
| Vladimir I | The Russian Ruler who made the official religion of Russia Eastern Orthodox. |
| Ishmael | Abraham's first son, believed by the Arabs to be the chosen son (not Issac), father of the Arabs. |
| Bedouins | Arabian nomads |
| Muhammad | According to Islam "The last and greatest prophet of Allah." |
| Islam | Literally "submission to the will of Allah." Claim Muhammad was a prophet of Allah, Allah is their god, Jesus is just a prophet, Qur'an is holy book and supersedes all others (e.g. the Bible) |
| Qur'an | The holy book of Islam, supposedly words spoken by Muhammad through the angle Gabriel. |
| caliphs | The successors of Muhammad. |
| jihad | Literally "Holy War." The conquests of Islam. |
| Umayyads | A new Muslim "dynasty" that made it so caliphs didn't have to be close friends of Muhammad. |
| Battle of Tours | Stopped the expansion of Islam. Charles Martel (European victor) vs Abdul Rahman Al (Umayyad Islam, lost). |
| Omar Khayyam | A Muslim poet who wrote "Rubaiyat," also a famed mathematician. |
| calligraphy | The art of writing in a a beautiful fashion. |
| mosques | A Muslim place of worship. |
| Beringia | The idea that the Native Americans reached the Americas by going over a land bridge from Russia over the Bering Strait to Alaska |
| language families | A group of languages derived from one common language. |
| Hopi | A peaceful Native American tribe. |
| Pueblo Indians | A Native American tribe who built adobe houses |
| Mound Builders | Native Americans known for building large mounds. They also have multiple cultures, agriculture, and extensive trading networks. The region in which these wounds were built stretches from the Great Lakes to Florida. |
| Great Serpent Mound | The largest known mound built by the Mound Builders, it is 1,300 ft in length |
| Adena | A period of mound builders from 1000 - 200 BC. |
| Hopewell | A period of mound builders from 200 BC - 500 AD. |
| Mississippian | The last period of mound builders from 800 - 1600 AD, these people generally had big cities. |
| Eastern Woodland | Native Americans with agriculture and was matriarchal (women held power and money), located in the Southeast. |
| stele | An inscribed Mayan column. |
| Tikal | An influential city that strived to be the center of power. (Mayan) |
| Chichen Itza | An influential city that strived to be the center of power. (Mayan) |
| Quetzalcoatl | A god in the form of a feathered serpent that Toltecs (a people who preceded the Aztecs) and Aztecs worship that is supposed to bring peace. |
| Mayas | Had three periods - pre-classic, classic, post-classic; Developed a precise calendar, lived in city-states, built temples, and wrote books. |
| Aztecs | Main god is Quetzalcoatl, they valued obsidian, they were materialistic, made pictographs, and made guacamole. |
| Incans | Lived in the Andes Mountains, made paved roads, a message system, sewers, stone-cutting and Machu Picchu, used a quipu to do accounting |
| Olmec | Made giant heads and aqueducts, in Mexico/Guatemala |
| What are the Five Pillars of Islam? | 1. Shahadah - Confess Islam frequently. 2. Salat - Pray 5 times per day while facing Mecca. 3. Zakat - Give alms to the poor. 4. Sawm - Fast from sunup to sundown during the month of Ramadan. 5. Hajj - If able, visit Mecca at least once. |
| State some reasons for the split between the Easter Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. | Who would be the head of the church? Emperor or Pope? Can priests marry? When to celebrate Easter? Use of icons? Can we use all, some, or none? |
| What year did the Battle of Tours take place? | 732 AD |
| What was a major component of the Mayan religion? | Human Sacrifice |
| State all the differences you know between Christianity and Islam. | Chosen son? Ishmael or Issac? How to spread? Conquest or by martyrdom? Salvation by works or grace? How to treat enemies? Kill them or love them? Is Muhammad a prophet of God or not? Is the idea of the trinity false or true? |
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dhogwarts
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