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Chapter 2
Quality Assurance and Legal Issues in Healthcare
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Joint Commission (JACHO) | oldest and largest healthcare standards setting body in nation; organization that establishes standards for the operation of hospitals and other healthcare facilities and services |
| Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) | the CLIA federal regulations are administered by |
| Quality Indicators (QI) | measurable objective guides set up to monitor all areas of care that tends to cause problems |
| proper patient identification | actively involving patients in their own identification |
| Procedure Manual | manual that describes the necessary steps to follow in patient preparation for lab tests |
| incident reports | can identify trends for risk management |
| informed consent | voluntary and competent permission for a medical procedure, test, or medication |
| Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) | national organization that develops guidelines and sets standards for lab procedures |
| vicarious liability | liability imposed by law on one person for acts committed by another |
| National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) | The Joint Commission's annual safety requirement goals |
| delta check | comparing current test results with previous ones |
| negligence | failure to exercise due care |
| statute of limitations | a law setting the length of time after an alleged injury in which the injured person is permitted to file a lawsuit |
| assault | act or threat causing another to be in fear of immediate battery |
| fraud | deceitful practice or false portrayal of facts either by words or conduct |
| Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) | program designed to nationally standardize measurements of performance |
| breach of confidentiality | failure to keep privileged medical information private |
| discovery | formal process in litigation that involves taking depositions and interrogation of parties involved |
| Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs) | practices that emphasize quality assurance when in laboratory settings |
| battery | intentional offensive touching or use of force without consent or legal justification |
| civil action | legal actions in which the alleged injured party sues for monetary damages |
| due care | level of care a person with good sense provides under given circumstances |
| defendant | person whom a complaint is filed against |
| deposition | when a party questions another under oath with a court reporter present |
| sentinel events | an early warning policy to help healthcare organizations identify unfavorable actions and take steps to prevent them |
| safety manual | describes chemical, electrical, and radiation safety for the laboratory |
| education of the employees | one of the generic steps in risk management |
| respondeat superior/ vicarious liability | let the master respond; an employer is responsible for the actions of an employee, even though the employee is the one at fault |
| internal report | states the concern and describes the corrective action when a problem occurs |
| malpractice | type of negligence committed by a professional; implies a greater standard of care was owed to the injured party |
| threshold values | level of acceptable practice beyond which quality care cannot be assured |
| standard of care | level of care and skill that provides due care to a patient |
| Quality Assurance (QA) | tracks patient outcome through survey/audit methods; overall process that establishes policies and procedures for assured quality |
| Quality Control (QC) | performed methods to ensure same steps are followed each time for accuracy; a component of a CQI program that is a form of procedural control |
| Quality System Essentials (QSE) | a core set of systems essential for quality outcomes |
| invasion of privacy | violation of one's rights to be left alone |
| tort | wrongful act committed against one's person, property, or reputation |
| Patient Care Partnership/ Patient Bill of Rights | Expectations patients have regarding care and treatment |
| Third Party Payers | Governmental entities paying for healthcare on patients behalf |
| Medicare | Elderly, Supplemental Security Income, federally funded |
| Medicare | Low income, disabled, state and federal funding |
| Tri-care | military/government |
| Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System | Arizona low income |
| Obama Care | Affordable Heath Care Act |
| Criminal Law | concerned with laws designed to protect all members of society from unlawful acts by other; felonies and misdemeanors |
| Civil Law | concerned with actions between to parties, such as individuals or organizations; constitute the bulk of legal actions health with in the medical office, or other healthcare facilities |
| refusal of consent | a constitutional right to refuse a medical procedure |
| implied consent | consent is implied by actions |
| informed consent | voluntary and competent permission |
| minor consent | parental/guardian consent required for medical treatment |
| expressed consent | required before surgery or high risk procedures |
| HIV consent | states laws specify what type of information must be given |
| safety | process control |
| transit time | specimen transport |
| self assessment | internal assessment |
| duplicate test ordering | patient assessment |
| sample acceptability | specimen receiving/processing |
| wristband evaluation | specimen collection/labeling |
| accuracy of ordering | test request |
| employee retention | personnel |
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