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ancient rome test
mr. murphy, terms in notes and on section assignments, chapter 5 in textbook
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rome's expansion brought her into conflict with whom? | Carthage |
| In 264 BC Rome began to fight with Carthage for control over: | Sicily |
| What military advantage did Carthage have? | Strong navy |
| What advantage did the corvis give the Romans? | turned naval battles into land battles (which they could fight in easily) |
| Who won the first battle of the Punic Wars? | Rome |
| Who was the great Carthiginian general who led Carthage in the Second Punic War? | Hannibal |
| Why would Hannibal be able to capture the city of Rome? | |
| When did Rome finally defeat Hannibal? | 202 BC |
| When was the Third Punic War? | 149 BC - 146 BC |
| What did the Romans do to Carthage at the end of the Third Punic War? | they put salt in the soil so nothing could grow |
| Where did Rome go conquering after her final defeat of Carthage? | |
| How did the Romans justify their Mediterranean conquest? | by saying they were defending themselves not attacking others |
| What was the primary purpose of the Roman marching camp? | to show the enemy their power by taking over land one bit at a time |
| What happened to camp centuries who fell asleep while on watch? | stoned to death |
| What was the "decimation"? | if a soldier showed cowardness then 1 of the 10 soldiers in the regimen was stoned to death by his fellow soldiers in his regimen |
| What was the glory that Rome was built on? | the army |
| Rome began as early as: | 1000 BC |
| Who did the Romans expel from their land around 500 BC? | the Etruscans |
| What form of government did Rome establish? | republic |
| What was the name of the Roman army? | legion |
| Who were the only men allowed to fight for Rome and why? | landowners, because they had something to fight for |
| It was important for politicians to prove what? | war wounds |
| The Roman army was modeled after the Greek: | phalanx |
| Who was Rome's first major victory against? | Etruscans |
| What caused the Romans to remake their entire army? | Celts |
| What was the first offensive weapon the Romans used in battle? | javelin |
| What was the weapon that won the empire? | gladius |
| How was the gladius used? | to stab |
| What position was the most important in the army? | centurions |
| What did the Roman army replace the phalanx with? | mapels |
| What advantage did mapels give Rome? | moving soldiers easier |
| Where did the cavalry line up in battle? | wings of the legions |
| What did Rome do with her defeated enemies? | offered citizenship |
| What advantage did the policy of offering citizenship to war prisoners give to Rome? | gained soldiers, bigger army, stronger army |
| AS she expanded who would Rome inevitably clash with? | Carthage |
| How did the Greeks and the Etruscans influence the Romans? What did the Romans adopt from them? | |
| What year did the Romans establish a republic and from whom did they rebel from? | 509 BC, Etruscan king |
| What did the Romans do to make their conquered foes believe they had a stake in Rome's success? | they became Roman citizens and had to pay taxes, etc. |
| Romans liked to believe they were successful in building an empire because of their sense of _______, ________, and _________. However, what three things did Romans really do to ensure their control o the peninsula? | duty, courage, and discipline -allowed states to govern themselves -excelled in military matters -they didn't try to build an ideal government but created political institutions in response to problems |
| Who were the patricians? | wealthy landowners |
| Who were the plebians? | less wealthy landowners, merchants, etc. |
| What three contributions did the Twelve Tables and the Law of Nations make to today's law? | -people accused of wrongdoing have a right to trial -enabled them to establish standards of justice that applied to all people |
| Who was Vercingetorex? | -a general leading the forces against Gaul against Caesar's legions. Caesar's forces defeated him and brought him back to Rome in chains -Caesar killed him |
| Who was killed on March 15, 44 BC? | Caesar |
| What led directly to his assassination? | he didn't share power |
| What did Caesar have built to invade Germania? | Caesar's bridge |
| How long did the bridge need to be? | 400 yards long |
| What made the engineering feat so astounding? | speed |
| How long did it take to build Caesar's bridge? | 10 days |
| Did roads exist as we know them today before Rome? | no |
| When was the Via Appia built and how long was it? | 312 BC, 132 miles long |
| How many layers were the Roman roads? | 3 or 4 layers |
| What advantage did the roads give the empire? | faster transportation for soldiers |
| Who was Rome's first emperor? | Octavian |
| what was unique about Rome's concrete? | pozzalana (volcanic sand) that makes the concrete waterproof |
| How many aqueduct lines fed the city of Rome? | 11 |
| Why were the aqueducts important? | gave fresh water to citizens |
| Which emperor was mostly responsible for the success of Roman aqueducts? | Cladius |
| What was the gradient of the typical aqueduct? | several inches every 100 feet |
| What ancient engineering concept did the Romans perfect and why was it important? | arch, uses far less building mterials |
| What did the keystone do for the arch? | supported it |
| When did construction begin on the Colosseum? | 72 AD |
| What was used to finance the Colosseum and who was enslaved to build it? | sale of jewish relics from the sacking of Jerusalem, Jews were enslaved to build it |
| How many people did the Colosseum hold? | 70,000 |
| What was the velarium? | retractable roof (in the Colosseum) |
| When was the Colosseum finished? | 80 AD |
| Which emperor built the Colosseum? | Vespesian |
| What four types of events did the Colosseum hold? | -man v animals -gladitorial games -executions -reconstruct naval battles |
| What was the hypogeum? | 2 story basement |
| Which Roman emperor started the construction of the Pantheon? | Hadrian |
| Why is the Pantheon considered to be the most amazing structure built by the Romans? | rotunda |
| How tall is the rotunda or dome and how wide is it? | 150 ft tall and wide |
| What did the engineers do to lighten the dome so it wouldn't collapse? | -solid base/ foundation to support weight -mixed in lighter materials in the center such as pots - recessed panels and coffers -the oculus at the top is about 30 feet wide |
| Which two historical figures are believed to have designed the Pantheon? | Apollodorus of Damascus and Hadrian |
Created by:
catherinehightower23
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