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HUM#1 Terms
Reformation through Enlightenment
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Iconography | The literal and figurative significance of an image |
| Humanism | Focus on the human person rather than the divine. A focus on the action of human beings, especially political action |
| satire | Conveys contradiction between real and ideal situations. The use of humor and ridicule. |
| parts of the mass: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Agnus Dei, Sanctus | Lord have mercy, glory, I believe, Lamb of God, holy |
| indulgences | Sins forgiven for money. Remission of penalties to be suffered in purgatory. Granted by the church to shorten a sinners stay in purgatory. |
| chorale | A hymn sung by the entire congregation in a common language (vernacular) |
| predestination | The idea that men are elected by God to salvation prior to coming into the world. Anyone elected lives in a way that pleases God. (john calvin) |
| Dissolution of the Monasteries | Henry VIII disbanded the monasteries, etc. and sold off church holdings to assert power and get more money |
| madrigal | A secular vocal composition of 3 or more voices |
| *Counter Reformation | Catholic response to the protestant reformation |
| Council of Trent | Result of the counter-reformation. Council of the catholic church. Helped to restore and reform the church |
| Utopia | Created by Thomas More. A creation of his ideal society, which Henry VIII tried to live up to. |
| anamorphic | Distorted image such as the one on 'The Ambassadors' by Hans Holbein |
| soliloquy | A character speaking his/her thoughts out loud during a play regardless of who is listening, that the audience might know his/her innermost thoughts |
| painterly | A style made popular by Rubens where you can see the brush |
| conversos | "new christian" - a jew who converts to roman catholisism . spaniards of jewish origin who converted to christianity |
| moriscos | muslims who convert to christianity/roman catholic |
| carpe diem | "sieze the day" - make merry while you can |
| lyric | Poem to be accompanied by a lyre |
| Metaphysical | Abstract philosophy dealing with being, knowing, identity, time, space, etc. |
| ecstasy | Overwhelming feeling of joy, or a religious transcendance |
| chiaroscuro | Contrast between light and dark. Made famous by Caravaggio |
| tenebroso | Extreme contrast between light and dark |
| Apocrypha | Biblical and related writings |
| empirical method | Scientific inquiry that involves inductive reasoning and scientific experimentation |
| deductive reasoning | Used by Rene Descarte. Method begins with clearly establish general principles and then proceeds to establish particular truths |
| aria | Handel uses this. An elaborate solo or duet to express feeling and emotion |
| recitative | Dialogue speaking part, still sung but less of an emphasis on the melody. Imitates closely to the rhythms of speech |
| word painting | Baroque technique. Words and music compliment each other to put emphasis on the word. |
| concerto | A solo instrument (or small group of instruments) accompanied by an orchestra |
| oratorio | Large musical composition, usually religious, focused on the music rather than drama and acting. Includes narratives, soloists, orchestra, and choruses |
| fugue | Many musical lines being played at once, all interweaving. Used by Bach |
| Absolutism | A strong monarchy that exert royal power usually on the grounds of divine right, sometimes without papal approval |
| Sun King | Nickname for Louis XIV because everything revolved around him. |
| levée | People allowed in to watch King Louis XIV wake up in the morning, like the sunrise |
| parterre | A space in a garden with an arangement of flower beds |
| French garden | A style of garden with a methodical, geometric design |
| fête galante | Large outdoor celebration/party |
| Puritan | Wanted to purify the anglican church. Protestant |
| Cavalier | Aristocratic royalist supporters of Charles I, also a fancy and elegant style |
| poussiniste | A follower of Poussin. More realistic, draftsmanship style, colour purely decorative, followed ancient greek forms |
| genre scenes | Paintings of every day life |
| history painting | Highest form of art according to the academie |
| French Academy | Art academy that oversaw the training of artists and artistic standards |
| comédie-ballet | Drama that is part opera, part ballet |
| tragédie-en-musique | An operatic genre that constists of an overture, allegorical prologue, 5 acts of sung drama, and many intermezzos |
| minuet | An elegant triple-time dance of moderate tempo |
| opera | A text based musical drama |
| chorus | The 'choir'. Or company of actors who comment on the action of the drama |
| castrato | A male singer who was castrated before puberty in order to retain his high voice |
| Comédie Française | Theater company |
| caricature | A portrait that exagerates a persons flaws, defects, peculiarities |
| English garden | A style of garden with irregular features and winding walkways |
| Serpentine | Winding/twisting like a snake, OR a sculpted figure that has no single predominant view |
| Lunar Society | A society of predominant thinkers which led the industrial revolution. Met at the full moon |
| Industrial Revolution | Change in practices of production and consumption of the 19th century |
| iconoclasm | The idea and practice to destroy or ban religious images. (Ulrich Zwingli) |
| sonnet: sestet | Petrarchan. Rhyme scheme CDCDCD or CDECDE |
| sonnet: octave | Petrarchan. Rhyme scheme ABBA, ABBA |
| sonnet: iambic pentameter | Verse consisting of 10 syllables with 5 stressed beats |
| sonnet: volta | A turn of thought or change in subject at the end of a sonnet |
| sonnet | 14 lines, 10 sylables per line, uses iambic pentameter. Petrachan and Shakespearean. |
| opera seria | "serious opera", emphasizing virtuoso singing, featuring themes from ancient history and mythology |
| opera buffa | comic opera featuring every day characters |
| dramma giocoso | "comic drama". Combine both opera seria and opera buffa styles |
Created by:
sara_hillyer
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