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A&PCh18
Autonomic Nervous System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What does the autonomic nervous system control? | Cardiac muscle, Certain glands, Smooth muscle |
How many neurons are in the motor pathway of the autonomic nervous system? | There are two neurons in the relay |
Where is the cell body of a preganglionic neuron of the ANS? | CNS |
List 3 facts about a preganglionic neuron? | It has its cell body in the brain or spinal cord. It has its axon exiting the CNS with a cranial or spinal nerve. It has myelinated axons |
A postganglionic neuron: | Releases neurotransmitter at the effector cell |
These normally have the shortest preganglionic axons. | Sympathetic ganglia |
List 3 things the sympathetic division of the ANS can do: | Synapse with blood vessels, Short preganglionic neurons, Thoracolumbar output |
Describes an effector innervated by both the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic divisions? | Dual innervation |
Parts of the prevertebral ganglia? | Superior mesenteric ganglion, Celiac ganglion, Inferior mesenteric ganglion |
Examples of terminal ganglia? | Pterygopalatine ganglion, Submandibular ganglion, Otic ganglion |
These are structures containing sympathetic preganglionic axons that connect the anterior ramus of the spinal nerve with the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk. | White rami communicantes |
These send postganglionic axons to the parotid salivary gland. | Otic ganglia |
Neurotransmitters bind to autonomic receptors? | Norepinephrine and acetylcholine |
Acetylcholine is released by _____________postganglionic neurons and is removed______than norepinephrine. | Parasympathetic and faster |
Autonomic tone is regulated by | Hypothalamus |
Caused by the parasympathetic division. | Decreased heart rate, Decreased pupil diameter, and Increased digestion, Decrease in airway diameter |
Causes the longer lasting and more widespread sympathetic effects, compared to the parasympathetic division. | Greater divergence of sympathetic motor pathways, Acetylcholine is more rapidly removed from the synapse, Increased norepinephrine also comes from the adrenal gland |
Responses is caused by the sympathetic division. | Increased heart rate, Decreased blood flow to kidneys and gastrointestinal tract, Increased blood flow to skeletal and cardiac muscle, liver and fat |
When comparing the somatic and autonomic nervous systems, a neurotransmitter in the somatic division always produces which type of action on the effector? | Excitatory |
What are the two main branches of the autonomic nervous system? | Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
Polygraph testing is based on the fact that the autonomic nervous system is, for the most part, | Involuntary |
A single sympathetic preganglionic axon may synapse with how many postganglionic neurons? | Twenty or more |
Which of the following is a characteristic sympathetic response? | Sympathetic responses can affect organs throughout the body almost simultaneously |
In comparing norepinephrine and acetylcholine, what is a major difference between them? | The effects of norepinephrine are longer lasting and more widespread than acetylcholine |
Craniosacral is another term for which nervous system division division? | Parasympathetic |
Dilated pupils, rapid heart rate, increased blood pressure, dilated airways, and release of glucose by the liver are examples of the responses of which division of the nervous system? | Sympathetic |
What is the correct order of the components of an autonomic reflex arc? | Receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron, and effector |
What is the major control and integration center of the autonomic nervous system? | Hypothalamus |
Whats monitored by autonomic sensory neurons? | Blood pressure, Carbon dioxide levels in blood, Stretching of the walls of visceral organs |
Which nervous system is in charge of Rest and digest? | parasympathetic nervous system |
Which nervous system is in charge of Conserve body energy? | parasympathetic nervous system |
Which nervous system is in charge of Fight or flight? | sympathetic nervous system |