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A&PCh10
Muscular Tissue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many different types of muscle tissue are there? | 3 |
| Major function of muscle tissue? | Stopping the movement of joints Moving blood throughout the body Generating heat through contractions |
| This is a band of connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle. | Epimysium |
| The cylindrical structures that extend along the entire length of a muscle fiber are: | Myofibrils |
| The thick filaments of a sarcomere consist of: | Myosin |
| What slides past what during muscle contraction? | Thin filaments slide past thick filaments |
| This consists of a somatic motor neuron plus all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates. | Motor unit |
| The neurotransmitter released from synaptic end bulbs after arrival of a nerve impulse is: | Acetylcholine |
| What ingredients are needed for muscle contraction? | ATP and Ca2+ |
| The sequence that muscle action potentials must go through to excite a muscle cell are: | Axon of neuron, sarcolemma, T tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Where is ATP split to energize contraction of a sarcomere? | At the myosin heads |
| Creatine phosphate and ATP together create enough energy for a muscle to contract for | 15 Seconds |
| Aerobic respiration requires? | It requires oxygen and mitochondria |
| The brief delay between application of a stimulus and the beginning of contraction is called the: | Latent period |
| Increasing the number of active motor units is called: | Motor unit recruitment |
| In an isometric contraction, the muscle develops tension but does not: | Shorten |
| Hypertrophy is: | An increase in the size of muscle fibers |
| Which of the following exhibits autorhythmicity? | Cardiac muscle fibers |
| Smooth muscle tone is due to the prolonged presence of what in the cytosol? | Calcium ions |
| Between the ages of 30-50,about ______of muscle mass has been lost | 10% |
| How much of the total body weight of the average adult is muscle tissue? | 40-50% |
| Which type of muscle tissue is nonstriated and involuntary? | Smooth |
| This is the property of muscle that gives it the ability to stretch without damage. | Extensibility |
| This is a band of connective tissue that surrounds fascicles of muscle fibers within a muscle. | Perimysium |
| For every nerve that penetrates a skeletal muscle there are general how many arteries and veins? | One artery and one or two veins |
| The basic functional units of striated muscle fibers are: | Sarcomeres |
| What regulatory proteins can be found on an actin molecule? | Tropomyosin and Troponin |
| In the sliding filament mechanism, the thin filament is being pulled towards the | Center of the sarcomere |
| Axon terminal clusters at the ends of neuromuscular junctions are referred to as: | Synaptic end bulbs |
| The signal to excite a muscle cell must cross the neuromuscular junction by the diffusion of acetylcholine across the: | Synaptic cleft |
| This part of the skeletal muscle cell releases calcium when stimulated by the T tubules. | Terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| The sarcoplasmic reticulum is used for storing: | Ca2+ |
| What energizes the myosin head? | ATP hydrolysis reaction |
| True or False. Transfer of energy from creatine phosphate to ADP, anaerobic cellular respiration, and aerobic cellular respiration are all processes by which muscles produce ATP. | true |
| Lactic acid is created during: | Anaerobic respiration |
| This is a brief contraction of all muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential. | Twitch contraction |
| A sustained contraction that is stimulated at a rate higher than 80 to 100 times per second, is called: | Tetanus |
| Example of white fibers? | Fast glycolytic fibers |
| Involuntary and often painful contractions of muscles are called: | Spasms |
| Muscle spindles are supplied by: | Gamma motor neurons |
| Which muscle fibers are joined by intercalated discs? | Cardiac muscle fibers |
| The muscle tissue found in many internal organs and blood vessels is: | Smooth muscle |
| When connective tissue extends as a broad flat layer, the tendon is referred to as | Aponeurosis |
| Which of the following are the proprioceptors that monitor the changes in the length of skeletal muscles? | Muscle spindles |
| The characteristic of muscular tissue that allows it to return to its original shape after contraction | Elasticity |
| Wraps an entire muscle | Epimysium |
| Lies immediately under the skin | subcutaneous layer |
| Seperates muscle organs into functional groups | Fascia |
| Surrounds each individual muscle fiber | Endomysium |
| Divides Muscle fibers into fascicles | Perimysium |
| Network of tubules that stores calcium | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Pigment that stores oxygen | Myoglobin |
| Composed of myosin | Thick filament |
| Composed of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin | Thin filaments |
| Tunnel-like extensions of sarcolemma | Transverse tubules |
| The sarcolemma is the equivalent of the | Plasma membrane |
| During weight lifting training your skeletal muscles will obtain energy (ATP) primarily through | Anaerobic cellular respiration |
| When ATP in the sacroplam is exhausted, the muscle must rely on ____________to quickly produce more ATP from ADP for contraction. | Creatine phosphate |
| A motor unit consists of | A motor neuron, and all the muscle fibers it stimulates. |
| Thick filaments have | myosin heads (cross-bridges) used for the power stroke. |
| The substance that prevents the continuous stimulation of a muscle fiber is | Acetylcholinesterase |
| The order of skeletal muscle contraction | Acetylcholine released from axon terminal, action potential travels into transverse tubules, sacroplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+, Ca2+ combines with troponin, energized myosin heads attach to actin,thin filaments slide toward center of sacromere. |
| Extend from thick filments | Myosin Heads |
| Contain myosin-binding site | Actin molecules |
| Dense area that separates sacromeres | Z discs |
| Contain acetylcholine | Synaptic vesicles |
| Striated zone of the sarcomere composed of thick and thin filaments | A band |
| Space between axon terminal and the sarcolemma | Synaptic cleft |
| Striated zone of the sarcomere composed of thin filaments only | I band |
| Region of sarcolemma near the adjoining axon terminal | Motor end plate |
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