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apwh ch test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Shamanistic religion | Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits. |
| Batu | Grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of the Golden Horde; invaded Russia in 1236. |
| Ogedei | Third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded him as Mongol khagan. |
| Golden Horde | One of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russia during the 13th and 14th centuries. |
| Prester John | A mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom supposedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests; some thought he was Chinggis Khan. |
| Ilkhan khanate | One of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid Empire. Hulegu |
| Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars; defeated Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260. |
| Kubilai Khan | Grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271. |
| Tatu | Mongol capital of Yuan dynasty; present-day Beijing. |
| Chabi | Influential wife of Kubilai Khan; demonstrated refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Confucian China. |
| Nestorians | Asian Christian sect; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions. |
| White Lotus Society | Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty. |
| Timur-Lang | Last major nomad leader; 14th-century Turkic ruler of Samarkand; launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405. |
| Khagan | Title of supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes. |
| Khanates: | Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. |
| Battle of Kulikova | Russian army victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia. |
| Baibars | (1223 – 1277) Commander of Mamluk forces at Ain Jalut in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians. |
| Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. |
| Romance of the West Chamber | Famous Chinese dramatic work written during the Yuan period. |
| Choson | Earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by the Han in 109 B.C.E. |
| Sinification | Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions. |
| Silla | Korean kingdom in the Southeast; became a vassal of the Tang and paid tribute; ruled Korea from 668. |
| Yi | Korean dynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence. |
| Trung sisters | Leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 C.E.; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society. |
| Khmers and Chams | Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by Northern government at Hanoi. |
| Nguyen | Southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi. |
| Kami | Nature spirits of Japan. |
| Fujiwara | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power. |
| Minamoto | Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government in 12th-century Japan. |
| Tribute system | System in which people surrounding China sent emissaries who offered tribute to the Chinese emperor and acknowledged the superiority of the emperor and China. |
| Trinh | Dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in South. |
| Ibn-Rushd (Averroës) | Iberian Muslim philosopher; studied Greek rationalism; ignored among Muslims but influential in Europe. |
| Ming Dynasty | Replaced Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China; restored civil service exam |
| Zhenghe | Muslim Chinese seaman; commanded expeditions throughout the Indian Ocean. |
| Black Death | 14th-century bubonic plague; decimated populations in Asia and Europe. |
| Renaissance | Cultural and political elite movement beginning in Italy circa 1400; based on urban vitality and expanding commerce; produced literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the European Middle Ages. |
| Portugal, Castile, and Aragon | Regional Iberian kingdoms; participated in reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda. |
| Francesco Petrarch | Italian author and humanist; a major literary figure of the Renaissance. |
| Vivaldi brothers | Genoese explorers who attempted to find a western route to the “Indies”; precursors of European thrust into southern Atlantic. |
| Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer; first European to reach India by sea around Africa. |
| Henry the Navigator | Portuguese prince; sponsored Atlantic voyages; reflected the forces present in late postclassical Europe. |
| Ethnocentrism | Judging foreigners by the standards of one’s own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history. |
| Maoris | polynesian people in present day New Zealand |
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