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Key Terms
Chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adventitious sounds | Abnormal breath sounds |
| Afebrile | Without fever; the body temperature is normal |
| Alveoli | Thin-walled air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place |
| Antecubital space | The space located at the front of the elbow |
| Antipyretic | An agent that reduces fever |
| Aorta | The major trunk of the arterial system of the body. The aorta arises form the upper surface of the level ventricle |
| Apnea | The temporary cessation of breathing |
| Axilla | The armpit |
| Bounding pulse | A pulse with an increased volume that feels very strong and full |
| Bradycardia | An abnormally slow heart rate (less than 60 beats per minute) |
| Bradypnea | An abnormal decrease in the respiratory rate of less than 10 respirations per minute |
| Celsius scale | A temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 0* and the boiling point of water is 100*; also called the centigrade scale |
| Conduction | The transfer of energy, such as heat, from one object to another by direct contact |
| Convection | The transfer of energy, such as heat, through air currents |
| Crisis | A sudden falling of an elevated body temperature to normal |
| Cyanosis | A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes |
| Diastole | The phase in the cardiac cycle in which the heat relaxes between contractions |
| Diastolic pressure | The point of lesser pressure on the arterial wall, which is recorded during diastole |
| Dyspnea | Shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing |
| Dysrhythmia | An irregular rhythm; also termed arrhythmia |
| Eupnea | Normal respiration. The rate is 16 to 20 respirations per minute, the rhythm is even and regular, and the depth is normal |
| Exhalation | The act of breathing out |
| Fahrenheit scale | A temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 32* and the boiling point of water is 212* |
| Febrile | Pertaining to fever |
| Fever | A body temperature that is above normal; synonym for pyrexia |
| Frenulum linguae | The midline fold that connects the undersurface of the tongue with the floor of the mouth |
| Hyperpnea | An abnormal increase in the rate and depth of respiration |
| Hyperpyrexia | An extremely high fever |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure |
| Hyprerventilation | An abnormally fast and deep type of breathing, usually associated with acute anxiety conditions |
| Hypopnea | An abnormal decrease in the rate and depth of respiration |
| Hypotension | Low blood pressure |
| Hypothermia | A body temperature that is below normal |
| Hypoxia | A reduction in the oxygen supply to the tissues of the body |
| Inhalation | The act of breathing in |
| Intercostal | Between the ribs |
| Korotkoff sounds | Sounds heard during the measurement of blood pressure that are used to determine the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings |
| Malaise | A vague sense of body discomfort, weakness, and fatigue that often marks the onset of a disease and continues through the course of illness |
| Manometer | An instrument for measuring pressure |
| Orthopnea | The condition in which breathing is easier when an individual is in a sitting or standing position |
| Pulse oximeter | A computerized device consisting of a probe and a monitor used to measure the oxygen saturation of arterial blood |
| Pulse oximetry | The use of a pulse oximeter to measure the oxygen saturation of arterial blood |
| Pulse pressure | The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures |
| Pulse rhythm | The time interval between heartbeats |
| Pulse volume | The strength of the heartbeat |
| Radiation | The transfer of energy, such as heat, in the form of waves |
| SaO2 (saturation of arterial oxygen) | Abbreviation for the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen in arterial blood |
| Sphygmomanometer | An instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure |
| SpO2 (saturation of peripheral oxygen) | Abbreviation for the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen in arterial blood as measured by a pulse oximeter |
| Stethoscope | An instrument used for amplifying and hearing sounds produced by the body |
| Systole | The phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract, sending blood out of the heart and into the aorta and pulmonary trunk |
| Systolic pressure | The point of maximum pressure on the arterial walls, which is recorded during systole |
| Tachycardia | An abnormally fast heart rate (more than 100 beats per minute) |
| Tachypnea | An abnormal increase in the respiratory rate of more than 20 breaths |
| Thready pulse | A pulse with a decreased volume that feels weak and thin |
| Hypoxemia | A decrease in the oxygen saturation of the blood. Hypoxemia may lead to hypoxia |
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Tangeladenise
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