Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

APWH/STEARNS C# 19

EARLY LATIN AMERICA

QuestionAnswer
Ferdinand of Aragon Along with Isabella of Castile, monarch of largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia; marriage to Isabella created united Spain; responsible for reconquest of Granada, initiation of exploration of New World.
encomienda Grants of Indian laborers made to Spanish conquerors and settlers in Mesoamerica and South America; basis for earliest forms of coerced labor in Spanish colonies.
Hispaniola First island in Caribbean settled by Spaniards; settlement founded by Columbus on second voyage to New World; Spanish base of operations for further discoveries in New World.
de las Casas Dominican friar who supported peaceful conversion of the native American population; opposed forced labor & advocated Indian rights.
Cortés, Hernán Led expedition of 600 to coast of Mexico in 1519; conquistador responsible for defeat of Aztec Empire; captured Tenochtitlan.
Moctezuma II Last independent Aztec emperor; killed during Hernán Cortés' conquest of Tenochtitlan.
Mexico City Capital of New Spain; built on ruins of Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan.
New Spain Spanish colonial possessions in Mesoamerica; included most of central Mexico; based on imperial system of Aztecs.
Pizarro, Francisco Led conquest of Inca Empire of Peru beginning in 1535; by 1540, most of Inca possessions fell to the Spanish.
Coronado, Francisco Vázquez de Leader of Spanish expedition into northern frontier region of New Spain; entered what is now United States in search of mythical cities of gold.
Valdivia, Pedro de Spanish conquistador; conquered Araucanian Indians of Chile and established city of Santiago in 1541.
mita Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control.
Columbian Exchange Biological and ecological exchange that took place following Spanish establishment of colonies in New World; peoples of Europe and Africa came to New World; animals, plants, and diseases of two hemispheres were transferred.
Potosí Mine located in upper Peru (modern Bolivia); largest of New World silver mines; produced 80 percent of all Peruvian silver.
haciendas Rural estates in Spanish colonies in New World; produced agricultural products for consumers in America; basis of wealth and power for local aristocracy
Huancavelica Location of greatest deposit of mercury in South America; aided in American silver production; linked with Potosí.
Casa de Contratación Spanish Board of Trade operated out of Seville; regularized commerce with New World; supplied colonial provisions
consulado Merchant guild of Seville; enjoyed virtual monopoly rights over goods shipped to America and handled much of the silver received in return.
galleons Large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from New World colonies to Spain; basis for convoy system utilized by Spain for transportation of bullion.
Treaty of Tordesillas Signed in 1494 between Castile and Portugal; clarified spheres of influence and rights of possession in New World; reserved Brazil and all newly discovered lands east of Brazil to Portugal; granted all lands west of Brazil to Spain.
Recopilación Body of laws collected in 1681 for Spanish possessions in New World; basis of law in the Indies.
Council of the Indies Body within the Castilian government that issued all laws and advised king on all matters dealing with the Spanish colonies of the New World.
viceroyalties Two major divisions of Spanish colonies in New World; one based in Lima; the other in Mexico City; direct representatives of the King.
audiencia Royal court of appeals established in Spanish colonies of New World; there were ten in each viceroyalty; part of colonial administrative system; staffed by professional magistrates.
de la Cruz, Sor Juana Inés Author, poet, and musician of New Spain; eventually gave up secular concerns to concentrate on spiritual matters.
Cabral Portuguese leader of an expedition to India; landed in Brazil in 1500.
Minas Gerais Region of Brazil located in mountainous interior where gold strikes were discovered in 1695; became location for gold rush.
Rio de Janeiro Brazilian port; close to mines of Minas Gerais; importance grew with gold strikes; became colonial capital in 1763.
sociedad de castas American social system based on racial origins; Europeans or whites at top, black slaves or Indians at bottom, mixed races in middle.
peninsulares People living in the New World Spanish colonies but born in Spain.
Creoles Whites born in the New World; dominated local Latin American economies; ranked just beneath peninsulares.
War of Spanish Succession Resulted from Bourbon family's succession to Spanish throne in 1701; ended by Treaty of Utrecht in 1713; resulted in recognition of Bourbons, loss of some lands, grants of commercial rights to English and French.
Charles III Spanish enlightened monarch; ruled from 1759 to 1788; instituted fiscal, administrative, and military reforms in Spain and its empire.
commercio libre Policy established during reign of Charles III; opened trade in ports of Spain and Indies to all Spanish merchants; undercut monopoly of consulados
Gálvez, José de Spanish minister of the Indies and chief architect of colonial reform; moved to eliminate Creoles from upper bureaucracy of the colonies; created intendants for local government.
Marquis of Pombal Prime minister of Portugal from 1755 to 1776; acted to strengthen royal authority in Brazil; expelled Jesuits; enacted fiscal reforms and established monopoly companies to stimulate the colonial economy.
Comunero Revolt One of popular revolts against Spanish colonial rule in New Granada (Colombia) in 1781; suppressed as a result of divisions among rebels
Amaru, Tupac Mestizo leader of Indian revolt in Peru; supported by many among lower social classes; revolt eventually failed because of Creole fears of real social revolution.
Created by: mcdougcf
Popular World History sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards