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MT - Ch. 10
Essentials of Medical Terminology - Ch. 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| eyes & ears | part of the nervous system |
| eye consists | inner eye (eyeball) & outer eye (facial structure & eye muscles surrounding the eye) |
| inner eye (eyeball)consists | outer, middle, & inner layers |
| outer layers consists | cornea & sclera |
| cornea | transparent anterior portion, allows light into the eye & participates in the focusing of light onto the back of the eye |
| sclera | white of the eye (tough protective covering for most of the eyeball) |
| middle layer consists | uvea |
| uvea (YOU-vee-ah) consists | choroid, ciliary body, & iris |
| choroid (KOH-roid) | inner lining of the sclera & contains blood vessels to nourish the eye |
| ciliary body (SIL-ee-ahr-e) | lies at the anterior edges of choroid body & consists of ciliary muscles & ciliary process |
| ciliary muscles | adjust the shape of the lens for focusing |
| ciliary process | produces a watery substance (aqueous humor -- bathes the anterior region of the eye) |
| iris | circular, colored portion of the eye |
| pupil (central opening in the iris) | regulates the amt of light that enters the eye |
| inner layer consists | retina |
| retina contain | cones & rods (which are the cells that transform light into nerve impulses) |
| cones | responsible for central & bright light vision |
| rods | responsible for peripheral & low-light vision |
| optic disc/blind spots | has no rods or cones & doesn't produce a visual images |
| lens | is not considered to be part of one of the layers of the eye |
| suspensory ligaments | where lens is located (posterior to the iris) & is held in place by ligaments |
| refraction | when light passes thru the lens, it bent...bending is called |
| lens accommodation | lens-shape changing |
| cataracts | common age-related eye condition |
| lens have two cavities | anterior & posterior cavities |
| anterior cavity | contains aqueous humor (produced by ciliary processes) |
| posterior cavity | contains vitreous humor (clear, jelly-like material) |
| vitreous humor | maintains the spherical shape of the eyeball, holds retina firmly against the choroid and transmits light |
| glaucoma | inability to drain aqueous humor causes increased intraocular pressure |
| outer eye consists | orbital cavity, extrinsic ocular muscles, eyelids, conjunctival membrane, & lacrimal apparatus |
| orbital cavity | bony depression into which eyeball fits, providing protection |
| extrinsic ocular muscles | have 6 attached to the sclera of each eye (which move eye in any direction) |
| rectus | straight |
| oblique | slanted |
| six extrinsic ocular are | superior, inferior, medial, & lateral retus; superior, & inferior oblique |
| eyelids | shield eye from the light, dust, & trauma |
| conjunctival membrane | thin mucous membrane lining the eyelids & anterior part of the eye exposed to the air, providing protection & lubrication |
| lacrimal apparatus | produces, delivers, & drains tears from the eyes (cleaning & lubricating) |
| lacrimal glands | produce tears |
| lacrimal ducts | continuously delivered tears |
| punctae | drain tears from eyes into a system of canals in the nose |
| lysozyme | fight infectious microorganisms w/ antibacterial enzyme |
| ambly/o | dull; dim |
| coagulati/o | to condense; to clot |
| dipl/o | double |
| emmertr/o | in proper measure |
| is/o | equal |
| -conus | cone-shaped |
| -edema | accumulation of fluid |
| -metrist | specialist in the measurement of |
| -ory | pertaining to |
| -schisis | splitting; cleft |
| myoin- | to shut |
| presby- | old age |
| pseudo- | false |
| aque/o | water |
| -ous | pertaining to |
| aqueous humor | pertaining to a watery fluid found in the anterior cavity |
| blephar/o | eyelid (most commonly used to indicate pathologic condition) |
| -pexy | surgical fixation |
| blepharopexy | surgical fixation of the eyelid |
| -plasty | surgical reconstruction |
| blepharoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the eyelid |
| sym- | together; with |
| symblepharon | adhesion of the eyeball to the eyelid |
| chori/o | choroid |
| -itis | inflammation |
| retin/o | retina |
| chorioretinitis | inflammation of the choroid & retina |
| choroido | choroid; membrane |
| conjunctiv/o | conjunctiva |
| conjunctivitis | inflammation of the conjunctiva |
| core/o | pupil |
| -ia | condition |
| an- | no; not |
| is/o | equal |
| anisocoria | inequality in the size of the pupil |
| -meter | instrument used to measure |
| coreometer | instrument used to measure the pupil |
| corne/o | cornea |
| -eal | pertaining to |
| corneal | pertaining to the cornea |
| cycl/o | ciliary body |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| cycloplegia | pertaining to paralysis of the ciliary body |
| dacry/o | tear; lacrimal duct |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| dacryostenosis | narrowing of the lacrimal duct |
| goni/o | angle (of the anterior chamber) |
| -scopy | process of visual examination |
| gonioscopy | process of visually examining the angle of the anterior chamber with the aid of gonioscope (tool for glaucoma) |
| irid/o; ir/o | iris |
| iridocyclitis | inflammation of the iris & ciliary body |
| iritis | inflammation of the iris |
| -ectomy | excision; surgical removal |
| iridectomy | excision of the iris |
| kerat/o | cornea |
| keratoconjunctivitis | inflammation of the cornea & conjunctiva |
| keratoconus | abnormal; cone-shaped protrusion of the cornea (disease causing blurred vision) |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| myc/o | fungus |
| keratomycosis | fungal infection of the cornea |
| keratoplasty | surgical repair of the cornea; cornea transplant |
| lacrim/o | tears |
| -al | pertaining to |
| nas/o | nose |
| nasolacrimal | pertaining to the nose & lacrimal apparatus |
| mi/o | contraction; less |
| -tic | pertaining to |
| miosis | abnormal contraction of the pupil |
| miotic | a drug used to constrict the pupil |
| mydri/o | wide; dilation; dilation; dilatation |
| -iasis | condition; process |
| mydriasis | dilation of the pupil |
| mydriatic | pertaining to a drug used to dilate the pupil |
| ocul/o | eye |
| extra- | outside |
| extraocular | pertaining to the outside of the eye |
| intra- | within |
| intraocular | pertaining to within the eye |
| ophthalm/o | eye |
| ex- | outward |
| -logist | specialist |
| exophthalmia | outward protrusion o fthe eyeball |
| ophthalmologist | specialist in the study of the diagnosis & medical & surgical treatment of eye disorders |
| ophthalmology | study of the eye including diseases & treatment |
| ophthalmoscopy | process of visual examination of the eye (funduscopy or fundoscopy) |
| opt/o | vision; sight |
| optic | pertaining to vision or sight |
| -ician | specialist; one who specializes; expert |
| optician | expert who fills prescription for eyeglasses & contact lenses |
| -metrist | specialist in the measurement of |
| optometrist | specialist in the testing of visual function & in the diagnosis & nonsurgical treatment of eye condtion (don't have degree in medicine) |
| palpebr/o | eyelid |
| palpebral | pertaining to the eyelid |
| papill/o | optic disc |
| -edema | accumulation of fluid |
| papilledema | accumulation of fluid in the optic disc |
| phac/o; phak/o | lens |
| a- | no; not; lack of |
| aphakia | absence of lens |
| phacomalacia | softening of the lens |
| pseudo | false |
| pseudophakia | condition characterized by replacement of the lens w/connective tissue |
| phot/o | light |
| -ion | process |
| coagulati/o | to condense; to clot |
| cyclophotocoagulation | destruction of a portion of the ciliary body using a laser |
| photocoagulation | beam from a laser is aimed at the site of injury to condense the retinal tissue, thus repairing any retinal tears or detachment |
| -phobia | fear |
| photophobia | intolerance or sensativity to light |
| pupill/o | pupil |
| -ary | pertaining to |
| pupillary | pertaining to the pupil |
| retin/o | retina |
| retinal detachment | separation of the retina from underlying tissue |
| -pathy | disease |
| retinopathy | any disease of the retina |
| retinopexy | surgical fixation of the retina |
| -schisis | splitting; cleft |
| retinoschisis | splitting of the retina |
| scler/o | sclera |
| sclerectomy | excision of the sclera |
| ton/o | tension |
| tonometry | measurement of intraocular pressure (another test for glaucoma) |
| trabecul/o | meshwork; lattice |
| trabeculoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the trabecular meshwork of the canal Schlemn (used for treatment of glaucoma) |
| uve/o | uvea (includes choroid, ciliary body, & iris) |
| uveitis | inflammation of the uvea |
| vitre/o | glasslike; gel-like |
| vitrectomy | removal of soe or all of the vitreous humor & its replacement with clear fluid |
| humor | body fluid |
| vitreous humor | a gel-like, glassy substance in the posterior cavity |
| -chalasis | relaxation |
| blepharochalasis | relaxation of the eyelid |
| -opia; -opsia | visual condition; vision |
| ambly/o | dull; dim |
| amblyopia | dimness of vision |
| dipl/o | double |
| diplopia | double vision |
| an- | no; not; lack of |
| hemianopsia; hemianopia | lack of vision in half the visual field |
| presby | old age |
| presbyopia | impaired vision due to advanced age |
| hyperopia | light rays focus behind the retina; farsightedness |
| myein- | to shut |
| myopia | light ray are focused in front of the retina; nearsightedness |
| -tropia | turning |
| emmetr/o | in proper measure |
| emmetropia | normal vision |
| eso- | inward |
| esotropia | turning inward of the eyeball |
| exo- | outward |
| exotropia | turning outward of the eyeball |
| hypertropia | upward turning of the eyeball |
| hypotropia | downward turning of the eyeball |
| -tropion | turning |
| ec- | out |
| ectropion | outward turning of the eyelid |
| en- | inward |
| entropion | inward turning of the eyelid |
| accom | accommodation |
| OD (oculus dextra) | right eye |
| OS (oculus sinistra) | left eye |
| OU (oculus unitas) | both eyes |
| PERLA | pupils equal; react to light & accommodation |
| PERRLA | pupils equal, round, regular, react to light & accommodation |
| EOM | extraocular movement |
| IOL | intraocular lens |
| IOP | intraocular pressure |
| VA | visual acuity |
| VF | visual field |
| ear consists | external, middle, & inner ear |
| ear responsible | for hearing & plays prominent role in maintaining balance |
| hearing process consists | of detection & transduction |
| detection involves | receiving the sound stimulus |
| transduction involves | converting the detected sound into a nerve impulse (then sent on temporal lobe of brain for processing) |
| external ear composed | auricle, external auditory meatus, & eardrum (tympanic membrane) |
| middle ear consists | 3 ossicles; malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), & stapes (stirrup) |
| eustachian tube | air pressure on ea side of the eardrum (which connects middle ear to the throat) |
| inner ear (labyrinth) consists | bony & membranous labyrinth |
| bony labyrinth | vestibule, semicircular canals, & cochlea |
| membranous labyrinth | utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts, & cochlear ducts |
| bony labyrinth filled w/fluids | perilymph |
| membranous labyrinth filled w/ fluids | endolymph |
| 2 types of deafness | conductive & sensorineural |
| conductive deafness (can be treated by removing obstruction) | caused by obstruction of the path traveled by sound waves from the external ear to inner ear |
| types of obstruction | buildup of earwax or foreign body |
| sensorineural deafness | results from damage to the auditory nerve or cochlea |
| audi/o | hearing |
| -gram | record |
| audiogram | record of patient's hearing ability |
| -metry | process of measuring |
| audiometry | measurement of a patient's hearing ability |
| audit/o | hearing |
| -ory | pertaining to |
| auditory | pertaining to hearing |
| aur/o | ear |
| aural | pertaining to the ear |
| cochle/o | cochlea |
| -ear | pertaining to |
| cochlear | pertaining to the cochlea |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| electrocochleography | process of recording the electrical activity of the cochlea |
| labyrinth/o | inner ear; labyrinth |
| labyrinthitis | inflammation of the inner ear (often accompanied by vertigo (dizziness) & loss of balance) |
| myring/o | tympanic membrane; eardrum |
| myringotomy | process of cutting into eardrum to remove fluid from the middle ear |
| ossicul/o | ossicles (malleus, incus, & stapes) |
| ossiculoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the ossicles |
| ot/o | ear |
| otalgia | earache |
| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear |
| media | middle |
| serous otitis media | inflammation results a buildup of watery fluid |
| purulent otitis media | inflammation of a buildup of pus |
| otorrhea | discharge from the ear |
| -rrhea | discharge; flow |
| -sclerosis | hardening |
| otosclerosis | hardening of the ear |
| otoscope | instrument used to visually examine the ear |
| salping/o | eustachian tube |
| salpingoscope | instrument used to visually examine the eustachian tube |
| staped/o | stapes |
| stapedectomy | removal of the stapes |
| tympan/o | tympanic membrane; eardrum |
| tympanoplastry | surgical reconstruction of the eardrum; myringoplasty |
| -cusis | hearing |
| presbycusis | diminished hearing due to old age |
Created by:
ltravis
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