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World civ test 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Flagellants | people who sought to do penance, and believed that the plague was Gods punishment for sin, by flagellating (whipping) on another. |
| Representative Assemblies | These flourished in many European countries between 1250 and 145 as the precursors to the english parliament, German diets, and Spanish cortes. |
| Nationalism | A sense of unity among people living in a particular area, based on language, shared customs, culture, often accompanied by hostility to outsiders (xenophobia) |
| Conciliarists | People who believed that the authority in the Roman church rested in the general council composed of clergy, theologians, and laypeople, rather than in the pope alone |
| Statute of Kilkenny | Laws issued by Edward III of England forbidding marriage between English and Irish, requiring the use of the English language, and denying the Irish access to ecclesiastical offices |
| Vernacular | National languages |
| Oligarchy | government by the merchant aristocracy in Italian cities, such as Venice and Florence |
| Popolo | Disenfranchised people in Italian communes who resented their execution from power |
| Communes | associations of men in Italian cities such as Milan, Florence, Genoa, and Pisa who sought political and economic independence from local nobles; members of communes wanted self-government. |
| Condottieri | Military leaders hired by merchant oligarchies to establish order. Often took over entire government in the area |
| Humanism | Term first used by Florentine rhetorician Leonard Bruni as a general word for the new learning the critical study of Latin and Greek literature, with the goal of realized human potential. |
| Secularism | Attitude that tends to find the ultimate explanation of everything and the final end of human beings in what reason and the senses can discover, rather than in any spiritual or transcendental belief. |
| Christian Humanists | Emphasis on human beings, their achievements, interests, and capabilities. |
| Patrons | Patrician merchants and bankers, popes and princes, who supported the arts as means of glorifying themselves and their families |
| Individualism | Another basic feature of the Italian renaissance stressing personality, uniqueness, genius, self-consciousness. |
| Orders | Basic groups of Medieval European society, including the clergy (those who prayed), the nobility/knights (those who fought), and those who work (the peasants). |
| Debate about Women | Debate the began toward the end of the 14th century about women's character and nature that would last for centuries. |
| Gabelle | French tax on salt |
| Taille | French tax on land. |
| War on the roses | a series of intermittent civil wars in the fifteenth century between the English royal houses of York and Lancaster and their supporters. The wars began in the 1450's and end in victory for the Lancastrians in 1485 with the death of Richard III at the bat |
| Court of Star Chamber | a division of the English royal council, a court that ROman legel procedures tocurb real or potential threats from nobility. |
| Hermandades | Popular groups in Spanish towns given royal authority to serve as local police forces and as judicial tribunals with the goal of reducing aristocratic violence. |
| New Christians | Term applied to Jews who accepted christianity. Spanish nationalism stressed purtiy of blood.` |
| Joan of Arc | French peasant girl who raised the (English) siege of Orleans (1429), which marked the turning point in the Hundred Years War. |
| John Wyclif | Wrote the that papal claims of temporal power had no foundation in the scriptures and the the Scriptures alone should be the standard of Christian belief and practice. |
| Emporer Sigismund | A great council met at the imperial city of Constance because of him, which had three objectives: to end the schism, reform the church, and wipe out heresy |
| John Hus | Bohemian religious thinker and reformer. Initiated a reform movements based on the ideas of Wyclif. Was excommunicated and burned at the stake after unfair trial by the council of Constance. |
| Dante Alighieri | Creator of a "comedy" called so because he wrote it in Italian and in a different style from the tragic Latin. |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | An official in the administration of the English kings Edward III and Richard II and wrote poetry as advocation. Wrote stories in lengthy rhymed narrative |
| Thomas A Kempis | Latinizd name of Thomas Haemerken, a late medieval catholic monk and probable author of "The imitation of Christ"- christian book on devotion |
| King Edward III | one of the most successful English monarchs of MA. Restored royal order after father's reign; transformed kingdom of england in most efficient military power in europe; |
| De Medici | Highly powerful family of wealthy bankers in Florence; held high positions in the government and church as well. |
| Machiavelli | Questioned the basic tenets of the Christian religion. |
| Savanrola | Predicted the French Invasion. Saw how wicked people of Florence were; began to preach against heathenism; became angry about bad behavior in town; realized head of the church was corrupted; was hung and burned for opening his mouth to the public. |
| Thomas Moore | Wrote utopial; Thought no one is better than anyone else; absolute social equality can only be reached if society as a whole reached a certain level of perfection; Institutions were perfect; leraning did not stop with age. change world-change people |
| Johan Gutenberg | invented the first printing press in the 1450's, and the first book to ever br printed was a Latin language Bible, printed in Mainz, Germany. |
| Erasmus Desiderius | Christian humanist from Netherlands (Holland) who as an orphan was froced into a monastary; meeting with john colet influenced his life work. 2 themes: education is key to moral and intel. improvement, and christ is all about Christ and inner attitude |
| Leonardo Da Vinci | Famous artist who painted the last supper and stressed the tension between Christ and the disciples. |
| Pope Julius II | tore down the old saint peter's Basilica and began work on the present structure |
| Lorenzo Valla | Defends the pleasures of the senses as the highest good. Scholars praise him as a father of modern historical criticism. |
| Baldasare Castiglione | an italian courtier, diplomat, soldier and a prominent Renaissance author. |
| Giorgio Vasari | First person who used the word 'Renaissance' to describe the art of rare men of genius, to describe painting, sculpture, and architechture, what he termes the major arts. |
| Kinh Philip VI of Valois | Nephew of Philip the fair; took jurisdiction of Aquitaine from Edward III and confiscated the duchy. |
| Marsiglio of Padua | Argues that the state, the most comprehensive and unifying human community, is superior to the church. Furthe aruges the the papacy is a purely human convention; supreme authority in th church belongs to both preists and lay members |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | Pursued a common foreign policy. Killed or removed Practicing Jews from thier kindom. |
| 1309-1376 | Babylonian Captivity; Papacy in Avignon |
| 1315-1322 | Famine in Northern Europe |
| 1337 | Philip VI of Volais confiscated Edward III's holding of Aquitaine |
| 1347 | Genoese ships brought the plague to Italy. From there is spread to Southern Germany, France, and then England. |
| 1358 | Jacquerie peasant uprising in France protesting heavy taxation |
| 3178-1417 | Great Schism. |
| 1381 | Peasants revolt in Florence. |
| 1414-1418 | German Emporer Sigismund organized a coucil at Constance and revolved the schism, electing a new pope (burning of John Hus). |
| 1415 | English smash the French at Agincourt; Death of John Hus. |
| 1440s | Invention of movable metal type. |
| 1453 | Hundred Year war ended with the English holding only the port of Calais in France. |
Created by:
tkitts
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