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MedTerm Mod17 *Eye*
Terms, Abbreviations, & Meanings
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| AMD | age-related macular degeneration |
| HEENT | head, eyes, ears, nose, & throat |
| IOL | intraocular lens |
| IOP | intraocular pressure |
| LASIK | laser in situ keratomileusis |
| OD | right eyeLatin: oculus dexterDoctor of Optometry (optometrist) |
| OS | left eyeLatin: oculus sinister |
| OU | both eyesLatin: oculus uterque |
| PERRLA | pupils equal, round, reactive to light & accommodation |
| POAG | primary open-angle glaucoma |
| PRK | photorefractive keratectomy |
| VA | visual acuity |
| VF | visual field |
| accomodation | normal adjustment of eye to focus on objects from far to near |
| anisocoria | inequality in size of pupils |
| anterior chamber | space behind cornea & in front of lens & iris; contains aqueous humor |
| aphakia | absence of lens of eye |
| aqueous humor | fluid produced by ciliary body, helps to maintain shape of eyeball |
| chroid | middle layer of eye, thin membrane with rich supply of blood vessels |
| ciliary body | structure on each side of lens that connects choroid & iris |
| contains muscles that control shape of lens | the ciliary body |
| cone | photoreceptor cell in retina |
| responsible for color & central vision | cone |
| conjuctiva | delicate mucous membrane lining inner surface of eyelids & anterior part of eye |
| cornea | fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over anterior portion of eyeball |
| corneascleral | pertaining to cornea & sclera, white of the eye |
| fovea centralis | small depression in middle of macula; area of clearest vision |
| hypertensive retinopathy | disease of retina due to high blood pressure |
| intraocular | pertaining to within the eye |
| iridic | pertaining to the iris |
| iris | contractile disc that forms colored, pigmented portion of eye, by the ciliary body, surrounding the pupil |
| lacrimal | pertaining to tears |
| lacrimation | production of tears |
| lens | highly elastic, transparent biconvex body behind pupil of eye; surround & supported by fibers arising from ciliary body |
| macula | yellowish region on retina lateral to & slightly below optic disc |
| contains fovea centralis | macula |
| miosis | contraction of pupil of the eye |
| mydriasis | widening of pupil of the eye |
| ophthalmic | pertaining to the eye |
| optic chiasm | point at which optic nerve fibers cross in brain |
| optic disc | region at back of eye where optic nerve meets retina |
| optic nerve | rod & cone cells of retina to cerebral cortex in occipital lobe of the brain |
| palpebral | pertaining to an eyelid |
| pupil | circular opening in middle of iris; dark, central portion of the eye |
| pupillary | pertaining to the pupil of the eye |
| refraction | bending of light rays as they pass through cornea, lens, & fluids of eye |
| retina | thin, delicate membrane continuous with optic nerve; sensitive nerve cell layer of eye |
| rod | photoreceptor retinal cell; essential for seeing objects in low light & peripheral vision |
| sclera | tough outer membrane that helps to maintain shape of eyeball & attached to the muscles that moce the eye |
| scotoma | blind spot in the field of vision |
| thalamus | relay center in brain through which optic nerve fibers pass on way to cerebral cortex |
| uvea | vascular layer of the eye, including iris, choroids & ciliary body |
| viterous humor | soft, jelly-like material that fills the posterior cavity & preserves eyeball shape |
| the eye is one of a pair of special sense organs that | converts the energy of light into electrical nerve impulses and transmits those signals to the brain |
| The structures of the eye don't merely receive a light stimulus they | adjust the incoming light and adapt to it to form the clearest image |
| The eyes are contained in | two bony orbits at the front of the skull |
| external structure of the eye are | the eyelids, eyebrows & eyelashes |
| lacrimal glands | produce tears that moisten eye & eye muscles |
| there are three | fibrous layers covering eyeball |
| white of the eye | sclera |
| convex, transparent structure through which light passes to other parts of the eye | the cornea |
| anteriorly the chorois is joined to | the iris |
| muscles of the iris constrict & dilate the pupil in response | to the intensity of light |
| Contraction or relaxation of the ciliary body changes | the shape and size of the lens |
| fundus | inner posterior sirface of eye including retina & its structures and optic disc & macula lutea |
| macula lutea is another term for | the macula |
| multilayered structure, outermost layer of which contains light-sensitive cells-rods and cones | the retina |
| optic disc is also called | the blind spot |
| only area of retina that is not sensitive to light | the optic disc |
| anterior cavity consist of | anterior & posterior chambers |
| anterior cavity contains | the aqueous humor |
| nourishes the iris, lens & cornea | aqueous humor |
| posterior cavity occupies | all internal space behind the lens |
| process that brings light rays into focus on retina & stimulates the rods & cones | refraction |
| angle of refraction varies with | density of structure through which light rays pass |
| refracting media of the eye are | the cornea, aqueous humor, lens & vitreous humor |
| in accommodation the lens flattens | to perceive objects that are distant |
| in accommodation the lens flattens because | the ciliary body relaxes |
| in accommodation the lens thickens, or becomes rounded | to perceive objects that are near |
| in accommodation the lens thickens, or becomes rounded, because | the ciliary body contracts |
| when muscles of iris contract, the pupil constricts, which | eliiminates light rays that cannot be sufficiently refracted to focus on retina |
| contraction of the iris, causing pupil constriction, is | a function to natrually protect the retina |
| in addition to refraction. accommodation & constriction, accurate vision relies on | the coordinated/parallel movement of the eyes by the eye muscles |
| rods & cones of retina contain chemicals that undergo changes in | the presence of light |
| chemical changes, of rods/cones, produce | nerve impulses |
| nerve impulses produced by rods/cones are transmitted to the brain and | interpreted as visual images |
| cylindrical cells that enable detection of low-intensity light | rods |
| most of 120 million rods of eye are located | around periphery of retina |
| there are about 6.5 million cones which produce vision in bright light and | help us to see color |
| how many types of cones in retina? | three |
| each cone in retina is | sensitive to one of three primary colors |
| Color blindness occurs when there is | an absence of cones in the retina |
| a defect in production of the chemicals cones contain causes | color blindness |
| The most common form of color blindness affects the ability to | distinguish reds from greens |
| impulses are conveyed along the | optic nerve |
| the optic nerve sends impulses along | the optic chiasm |
| at the junction of the optic nerve and optic chiasm fibers from each optic nerve | cross over to the other side |
| fibers from the each visual field of eye form the | left/right optic tract |
| impulses move acros each optic tract to | the visual cortex in the occipital lobe |
| occipital lobe is an area in posterir of brain where | visual stimuli is interpreted |
| when the images from both eyes fuse in brain the produce | a single 3D image |
| binocular vision | use of both eyes together, without diplopia |
| covergence is | the movement of the eyes in unison toward a common point of fixation |
| the ability to see one image using both eyes is because | convergence allows us to have binocular vision |
Created by:
lfrancois
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