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Chapter 5
Acquiring Medical Language 2nd Edition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aphasia ah-FAY-zhah | inability to speak |
| ataxia ah-TAK-see-ah | lack of coordination |
| catatonia KAT-ah-TOH-nee-ah | condition characterized by reduced muscle tone |
| delirium deh-LEER-ee-um | brief loss of mental function |
| dementia da-MEN-chah | loss/decline in mental function |
| dyskinesia dis-kih-NEE-zhah | difficulty moving |
| dyslexia dis-LEK-see-ah | difficulty reading |
| dysphasia dis-FAY-zhah | difficulty speaking |
| dystonia dis-TOH-nee-ah | condition characterized by involuntary muscle movements |
| insomnia in-SOM-nee-ah | inability to sleep |
| myoclonus mai-AWK-loh-nus | muscle twitching |
| myospasm MAI-oh-spazm | involuntary muscle contraction |
| neurasthenia NUR-as-THEN-ee-ah | nerve weakness |
| somnambulism sawm-NAM-byoo-liz-um | sleep walking |
| syncope SIN-koh-pee | fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to brain |
| cephalalgia SEH-ful-AL-jah | head pain |
| cephalodynia SEH-fah-loh-DIH-nee-ah | head pain |
| encephalalgia in-SE-ful-AL-jah | brain pain |
| neuralgia nur-AL-jah | nerve pain |
| neurodynia NUR-oh-DIH-nee-ah | nerve pain |
| hemiparesis HEH-mee-puh-REE-sis | partial paralysis on half the body |
| hemiplegia HEH-mee-PLEE-jah | paralysis on half the body |
| monoparesis MAW-noh-puh-REE-sis | partial paralysis of one limb |
| monoplegia MAW-noh-PLEE-jah | paralysis of one limb |
| paralysis puh-RAH-lu-sis | complete loss of sensation and motor function |
| paresis puh-REE-sis | partial paralysis characterized by varying degrees of sensation and motor function |
| causalgia kaw-ZAL-jah | painful sensation of burning |
| dysesthesia DIS-es-THEE-zhah | bad feeling |
| hyperesthesia HAI-per-es-THEE-zhah | increased sensation |
| paresthesia PAR-es-THEE-zhah | abnormal sensation (usually numbness or tingling in the skin) |
| pseudesthesia SOO-des-THEE-zhah | false sensation |
| synesthesia SIN-es-THEE-zhah | condition where one sensation is experienced as another |
| acrophobia AK-roh-FOH-bee-ah | fear of heights |
| agoraphobia ah-GOR-ah-FOH-bee-ah | fear of outdoor spaces |
| hydrophobia HAI-druh-FOH-bee-ah | fear of water |
| kleptomania KLEP-toh-MAY-nee-ah | desire to steal |
| photophobia FOH-toh-FOH-bee-ah | excessive sensitivity to light |
| pyromania PAI-roh-MAY-nee-ah | desire to set fire |
| echoencephalography EH-koh-in-SEH-fah-LAW-grah-fee | procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves |
| electroencephalography (EEG) eh-LEK-troh-in-SEH-fah-LAW-grah-fee | procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain |
| lumbar puncture (LP) LUM-bar PUNK-chir | inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid, commonly called a spinal tap |
| cerebral angiography seh-REE-bral AN-gee-AW-grah-fee | procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain |
| magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) mag-NET-ik REH-zawn-ants AN-gee-AW-grah-fee | procedure used to examine blood vessels |
| myelogram MAI-el-oh-gram | image of the spinal cord, usually done using x-ray |
| positron emission tomography (PET) scan PAWZ-ih-trawn ee-MISH-un taw-MAW-gra-fee | an imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain |
| transcranial Doppler sonography tranz-KRAY-nee-al DAW-plir saw-NAW-gra-fee | an imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull |
| cerebellitis ser-eh-bell-AI-tis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerebral atrophy seh-REE-bral A-troh-fee | wasting away of brain tissue |
| duritis dur-AI-tis | inflammation of the dura |
| encephalocele en-SEF-ah-loh-SEEL | hernia of the brain (normally through a defect in the skull) |
| hematoma HEE-mah-TOH-mah | a tumorlike mass made up of blood |
| cranial hematoma KRAY-nee-al HEE-mah-TOH-mah | a hematoma beneath the skull |
| epidural hematoma EH-pi-DIR-al HEE-mah-TOH-mah | a hematoma located on top of the dura |
| intracerebral hematoma IN-trah-se-REE-bral HEE-mah-TOH-mah | a hematoma located inside the brain |
| subdural hematoma sub-DIR-al HEE-mah-TOH-mah | a hematoma located beneath the dura |
| macrocephaly MA-kroh-SEH-fah-lee | abnormally large head |
| microcephaly MAI-kroh-SEH-fah-lee | abnormally small head |
| meningocele meh-NIN-goh-seel | a hernia of the meninges |
| myelocele MAI-eh-loh-SEEL | a hernia of the spinal cord |
| myelomalacia MAI-eh-loh-mah-LAY-shah | abnormal softening of the spinal cord |
| myelomeningocele MAI-eh-loh-meh-NIN-goh-seel | a hernia of the spinal cord and meninges |
| neuritis nir-AI-tis | nerve inflammation |
| neuroma nir-OH-mah | a nerve tumor |
| neurosclerosis NIR-oh-skleh-ROH-sis | hardening of nerves |
| polyneuritis PAW-lee-nir-AI-tis | inflammation of multiple nerves |
| agnosia AG-noh-zhah | inability to comprehend |
| apathy A-pah-thee | lack of emotion |
| hyperkinesia HAI-per-kih-NEE-shah | increase in muscle movement or activity |
| neurasthenia NIR-as-THEN-ee-ah | nerve weakness |
| neuroglycopenia NIR-oh-GLAI-koh-PEE-nee-ah | deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity |
| nystagmus nih-STAG-mus | involuntary back and forth eye movements |
| prosopagnosia PRAW-soh-pag-NOH-zhah | inability to recognize faces |
| anesthesiologist A-neh-STHEE-zee-AW-loh-jist | doctor who specializes in anesthesiology |
| afferent nerve A-fir-ent nirv | a nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system |
| efferent nerve EH-fir-ent nirv | a nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system |
| neurogenic NIR-oh-JIN-ik | originating from/created by nerves |
| psychiatrist sai-KAI-ah-trist | doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind |
| psychiatry sai-KAI-ah-tree | branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind |
| psychogenic SAI-koh-JIN-ik | originating in/created by the mind |
| psychologist sai-KAW-loh-jist | doctor who specializes in the study of the mind |
| psychology sai-KAW-loh-jee | branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind |
| psychosomatic SAI-koh-soh-MA-tik | pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind |
| idiopathic IH-dee-oh-PAH-thik | having no known cause or origin |
| interictal IN-ter-IK-tal | time between seizures |
| postictal post-IK-tal | time after a seizure |
| preictal pree-IK-tal | time before a seizure |
| tonic TAW-nik | pertaining to muscle tone (normally weak or unresponsive) |
| clonus CLAH-nis | muscle spasm or twitching |
| tonic-clonic seizure TAW-nik CLAH-nik SEE-zhir | a seizure characterized by both a tonic and a clonic phase |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) seh-REE-broh-VAS-kyoo-lar AK-sih-dent | an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain |
| stroke STROHK | loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain |
| hemorrhagic stroke HEM-oh-RA-jik STROHK | a stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel |
| ischemic stroke ihs-KEE-mik STROHK | a stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) TRAN-zee-ent ih-SKEE-mik ah-TAK | a “mini-stroke” caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves (goes away) within 24 hours |
| cerebrovascular disease seh-REE-broh-VAS-kyoo-lar dih-ZEEZ | a disease of the blood vessels of the brain |
| cerebral aneurysm seh-REE-bral AN-yir-IZ-um | the widening or abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain |
| cerebral arteriosclerosis seh-REE-bral ar-TIH-ree-oh-skleh-ROH-sis | the hardening of an artery in the brain |
| cerebral atherosclerosis seh-REE-bral ATH-er-oh-skleh-ROH-sis | the hardening of an artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque |
| cerebral embolism seh-REE-bral EM-boh-lih-zum | the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a foreign object (embolus) such as fat or bacteria |
| cerebral thrombosis seh-REE-bral throm-BOH-sis | the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a blood clot |
| craniomalacia KRAY-nee-oh-mah-LAY-shah | abnormal softening of the skull |
| craniosclerosis KRAY-nee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis | abnormal hardening of the skull |
| craniostenosis KRAY-nee-oh-steh-NOH-sis | abnormal narrowing of the skull |
| craniosynostosis KRAY-nee-oh-SIN-aw-STOH-sis | premature fusing of the skull bones |
| hydrocephaly HAI-droh-SEH-fah-lee | abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain |
| astrocytoma ASS-troh-sai-TOH-mah | a tumor of arising from astrocyte glial cells |
| ganglioma GAN-glee-OH-mah | ganglion tumor |
| glioblastoma GLEE-oh-blas-TOH-mah | a brain tumor arising from glioblast cells |
| meningioma meh-NIN-jee-OH-mah | tumor of the meninges |
| cerebellitis SEH-rah-bell-AI-tis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerebromeningitis seh-REE-broh-MEN-in-JAI-tis | inflammation of the brain and meninges |
| encephalitis in-SEF-ah-LAI-tis | inflammation of the brain |
| encephalomyelitis in-SEF-ah-loh-MAI-eh-LAI-tis | inflammation of the brain and spinal cord |
| encephalomyeloneuropathy in-SEF-ah-loh-MAI-el-oh-nir-AW-pah-thee | disease of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
| encephalopathy in-SEF-ah-LAW-pah-thee | disease of the brain |
| encephalopyosis in-SEF-ah-loh-pai-OH-sis | a pus-filled abscess in the brain |
| gangliitis GAN-glee-AI-tis | inflammation of a ganglion |
| intracerebral hemorrhage IN-trah-sih-REE-bral HIH-moh-rij | excessive bleeding inside the brain |
| meningopathy MEH-nin-GAW-pah-thee | disease of the meninges |
| meningitis MEH-nin-JAI-tus | inflammation of the meninges |
| meningoencephalitis meh-NIN-goh-in-SEF-ah-LAI-tis | inflammation of the meninges and brain |
| myelitis MAI-eh-LAI-tis | inflammation of the spinal cord |
| myelodysplasia MAI-eh-loh-dis-PLAY-zhah | defective formation of the spinal cord |
| myelopathy MAI-el-AW-pah-thee | disease of the spinal cord |
| neuroarthropathy NIR-oh-ar-THRAW-pah-thee | disease of the joint associated with nerves |
| neuroencephalomyelopathy NIR-oh-in-SEF-ah-loh-MAI-el-AW-pah-thee | disease of the nerves, brain, and spinal cord |
| neuropathy nir-AW-pah-thee | disease of the nervous system |
| poliomyelitis POH-lee-oh-MAI-el-AI-tis | inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord |
| polyneuropathy PAW-lee-nir-AW-pah-thee | disease affecting multiple nerves |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) a-MAI-aw-TROH-fik LAT-tih-ral skleh-ROH-sis | a degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control. Literally, the hardening (sclerosis) of the nerve cells on the sides (lateral) of the spine leading to the loss of muscle tissue from disuse. |
| anorexia a-noh-REK-see-ah | an eating disorder characterized by the patient’s refusal to eat |
| autism AH-tiz-um | a psychiatric disorder characterized by withdrawal from communication with others; the patient is focused only on the self |
| bulimia boo-LEE-mee-ah | an eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced vomiting |
| cerebral palsy seh-REE-bral PAL-zee | paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement |
| dysphoria dis-FOR-ee-ah | a negative emotional state |
| epilepsy eh-pih-LEP-see | a disease marked by seizures |
| euphoria yoo-FOR-ee-ah | a positive emotional state |
| hypomania HAI-poh-MAY-nee-ah | a mental state just below mania |
| manic depression (bipolar) MAN-ik de-PREH-shun | a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating bouts of excitement and depression |
| myasthenia mai-as-THEH-nee-ah | muscle weakness |
| narcolepsy NAR-coh-LEP-see | a disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness |
| neurosis neh-ROH-sis | a nerve condition |
| psychosis sai-KOH-sis | a mind condition |
| psychopathy sai-KAW-pah-thee | a mental illness |
| schizophrenia SKIT-zoh-FREH-nee-ah | a mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech |
| anesthetic an-es-THET-ik | a drug that causes loss of sensation |
| general anesthetic JEH-nir-al an-es-THET-ik | anesthetic that causes complete loss of consciousness |
| local anesthetic LOH-kal an-es-THET-ik | anesthetic that does not affect consciousness |
| regional anesthetic REE-jih-nal an-es-THET-ik | anesthetic that is injected into a nerve causing loss of sensation over a particular area |
| topical anesthetic TAW-pih-kal an-es-THET-ik | local anesthesia applied to the surface of the area to be anesthetized |
| epidural anesthetic eh-pih-DUH-ral an-es-THET-ik | anesthetic applied in the dural region of the spinal cord |
| analgesic an-al-JEE-zik | a drug that relieves pain |
| anticonvulsant AN-tee-kon-VUL-sant | a drug that opposes convulsions |
| antidepressant AN-tee-deh-PREH-sant | a drug that opposes depression |
| antipsychotic AN-tee-sai-KAW-tik | a drug that opposes psychoses |
| anxiolytic ANG-zee-oh-LIH-tik | a drug that lessens anxiety |
| hypnotic hip-NAWT-ik | a drug that aids sleep |
| neuropharmacology nir-oh-FAR-mah-KAW-loh-jee | the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system |
| psychopharmacology SAI-koh-FAR- mah-KAW-loh-jee | the study of the effects of drugs on mental processes |
| pyschotropic SAI-koh-TROH-pik | drugs that are able to turn the mind |
| thrombolytic THRAWM-boh-LIT-ik | a drug that dissolves clots |
| cerebrotomy seh-ree-BRAW-toh-mee | incision into the brain |
| chemotherapy KEE-moh-THER-ah-pee | treatment using chemicals |
| craniectomy KRAY-nee-EK-toh-mee | removal of a piece of the skull |
| craniotomy KRAY-nee-AW-toh-mee | incision into the skull |
| endarterectomy EN-dar-tir-EK-toh-mee | removal of the inside of an artery |
| endovascular neurosurgery EN-doh-VAS-kyoo-lar NIR-oh-SIR-jir-ee | surgery on the nervous system performed by entering the body through blood vessels |
| lobectomy loh-BEK-toh-mee | removal of a lobe |
| lobotomy loh-BAW-toh-mee | incision into a lobe |
| neurectomy nir-EK-toh-mee | removal of a nerve |
| neurolysis nir-AW-lih-sis | destruction of nerve tissue |
| neuroplasty NIR-oh-PLAS-tee | reconstruction of a nerve |
| neurorrhaphy nir-OR-ah-fee | suturing of a nerve (often the severed ends of a nerve) |
| neurotomy nir-AW-toh-mee | incision into a nerve |
| ADHD | attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease) |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CP | cerebral palsy |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| EEG | electroencephalogram |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| ICP | intracranial pressure |
| LOC | level of consciousness |
| LP | lumbar puncture |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
| MS | multiple sclerosis |
| OCD | obsessive compulsive disorder |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| PNS | peripheral nervous system |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
Created by:
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