Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P Digestive
Anatomy & Physiology Terms of the Digestive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy of the Digestive Sysetem | Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine, accessories: pancreas, liver, gallbladder |
| Important functions of the digestive system | Ingestion, digestion, absorption, defecation |
| GI Tract | AKA Alimentary canal or digestive tube,: a long muscular tube from the mouth extending through the body and ending at the anus |
| Oral cavity | the mouth; first portion of the GI tract that contains teeth, tongue, and openings for the salivary glands |
| Mastication | chewing |
| Teeth | Incisors, cuspids, biguspids, multicuspids |
| Bolus | a small round mass of food |
| Peristalsis | The wavelike motion that helps mix and propel products down the GI tract |
| Deglutition | swallowing |
| Tongue | A large, strong muscle that mixes food and directs bolus toward throat |
| Salivary Glands | Collective term for the submandibular glands, the sublingual glands, and the large parotid glands |
| Saliva | a watery liquid that helps keep the oral mucosa moist and lubricates food so that it is easier to swallow |
| Enzyme | a term used to describe substances that aid in digestion by acting as catalysts in chemical reactions |
| Pharynx | AKA throat, is a muscular tube that extends from the oral cavity to the esophagus |
| Esophagus | a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach |
| sphincter | a ring of muscle that remains contracted to close or guard an opening |
| upper esophageal sphincter | prevents air from entering the stomach during breathing; It also relaxes to allow air to be released from the stomach during belching or burping |
| lower esophageal sphincter | located between the esophagus and the stomach; AKA the cardiac sphincter or the gastroesophageal sphincter |
| Stomach | J-shaped saclike organ located between the esophagus and the small intestine |
| Chyme | Semi-liquid substance consisting of food, gastric juice, enzymes, and acids |
| Pyloric sphincter | located between the stomach and the small intestine |
| Chief cells | secrete the enzymes pepsinogen and chymosin |
| Parietal cells | secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor |
| Small Intestine | approximately 20 feet (6 meters) in length and occupies a large portion of the abdominal cavity; 90% of absorption occurs here |
| duodenum | first and shortest portion of the small intestine and is approximately 10 to 12 inches in length. It contains ducts from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas |
| jejunum | continues from the duodenum for the next 7 to 8 feet |
| ileum | the last and longest section of the small intestine and is 12 feet in length |
| ileocecal sphincter | located between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine |
| plicae circulares | circular folds in the walls of the small intestine lined with numerous fingerlike projections called villi |
| Large Intestine | AKA colon, last section of the GI tract and is approximately 5 to 6 feet in length. It forms feces and absorbs water and electrolytes and helps in the manufacture of certain vitamins |
| Cecum | a blind pouch located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen; the appendix is suspended from this structure |
| Ascending colon | continues from the cecum upward and curves toward the left just beneath the liver. This curve is called the hepatic flexure or the right colic flexure |
| transverse colon | The colon moves horizontally from right to left. Just beneath the spleen, the colon makes a downward curve. This curve is called the splenic flexure or the left colic flexure |
| descending colon | extends from the splenic flexure to the top of the iliac crest, then turns toward the right at the sigmoid flexure |
| sigmoid colon | The S-shaped portion of the colon that continues to the middle of the abdomen, where it joins the rectum |
| rectum | the last section of the large intestine and is about 7 to 8 inches in length; storage for feces |
| Anus | The opening at the end of the large intestine |
| Feces/Stool | consist of indigestible food, water, bacteria, and cells sloughed off the walls of the intestines |
| Taeniae coli | thick, longitudinal bands that resemble a thread-gathering fabric in the large intestine |
| Haustra | pouches formed by the taenia coli, giving the colon a segmented appearance. Once filled, it contracts to push its contents to the next one in sequence |
| Peritoneum | the large serous membrane that envelops the abdominal cavity that contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves |
| mesenteries | Part of the peritoneum that is a large, fan-shaped structure consisting of two omentums |
| Liver | the largest visceral organ in the body; metabolizes proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; produces bile |
| Bile | physically breaks apart large fat globules into smaller ones, which provides a larger surface area for the fat-digesting enzymes to work; gives urine and stool their characteristic colors |
| Gallbladder | hollow pear-shaped sac that lies on the inferior surface of the liver that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver |
| Pancreas | secretes enzymes that break down all categories of digestible foods, including proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; also functions as an endocrine gland that regulates blood sugar |
Created by:
MassageHow
Popular Massage Therapy sets