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Russia
What impact did groups of workers have on th industrialisation of Russia?
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Managers: Role | To make sure that quotas set by the regional administrators were fulfilled. Had to make sure workers produced enough each day. |
Managers: Problems they faced | Concerned they wouldn't fulfil targets. Workers protested. Plus if they spent too much accused of 'wrecking' (industrial sabotage). |
Managers: Pros | Did have Stakhanovites who produced much more than the average labourer. Made it easier for managers to meet their targets. |
Foreign expertise: Role | To provide the expertise needed to build the huge projects such as the Moscow Metro. British engineers worked on it. |
Foreign expertise: Problems they faced | Worried that foreign expertise was actually native spies. E.g. the secret police arrested engineers on the Metro project because they had gained too much knowledge on its geographical layout. |
Foreign expertise: Pros | Made up some of the shortfall of unskilled Russian labour + boosted communism during Great Depression as people thought it was the future. |
Women: Roles | Worked in the lowest paid jobs doing textiles and cleaning in 1929. By 1935, 42% of industrial workers were women and had jobs in education, healthcare. Employed by managers to help fulfil quotas. 1926 training programs = women access better positions. |
Women: Problems they faced | Sexually harassed by males. No Zhenotdel = unable to fight for justice/equality. Paid much less than men. |
The Stakhanovite movement: Role | To extract more coal and resources than the average worker. |
The Stakhanovite movement: Problems they faced | Against socialist values because paid 200 rouples (1 months wage for everyone else). Competition on who could produce the most. Corruption because managers lied on how much they produced. |