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Important People 1
Important people of the Mediterranean
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was Socrates? | An Athenian philosopher who lived from 470 to 399 BCE. |
| What did Socrates believe? | That there were no absolute standards for truth and justice. |
| What did Socrates encourage his students to do? | To question their assumptions, values, and opinions |
| How did Socrates accomplish his method of teaching? | He developed a teaching method that would ask students a series of leading questions. |
| What was Socrates method called? | The Socratic method |
| How did the Socratic Method work? | It challenged students to think for themselves rather than accept traditional understandings of the world. |
| What did Athenian authorities think of Socrates? | He was too much for them and was sentenced to death |
| When was Socrates sentenced to death? | 399 BCE |
| Why was Socrates executed? | For corrupting the youth of Athens |
| Who was Plato? | A Greek philosopher who was also Socrates' student |
| When was Plato alive? | 427 to 347 BCE |
| What did Plato do in regards to Socrates' teachings? | He is responsible for recording many of them |
| What did Plato continue to expand upon? | The philosophical work of Plato and encouraged rational thought. |
| What is Plato's most famous work? | Allegory of the Cave |
| In what book can the Allegory of the Cave be found? | The Republic |
| When was The Republic published? | 370 BCE |
| What did Plato compare in the Allegory of the Cave | The traditions and superstitions that most people rely upon to understand the world as shadows of the real truth. |
| Was Plato's book The Republic well liked? | It dominated the philosophical work for 1,500 years. |
| Who was Aristotle? | A student who attended Plato's school, the Academy. |
| When was Aristotle alive? | 384 to 322 BCE |
| What was the name of the school Aristotle founded? | The Lyceum |
| What did Aristotle collect and categorize? | All of the knowledge from a wide variety of disciplines. |
| What were the disciplines Aristotle collected knowledge from? | Politics, philosophy, ethics, poetry, physics, astronomy, meteorology, zoology, and psychology. |
| How has Aristotle's work affected the modern study of these disciplines? | He laid the foundation of knowledge that we need |
| What was Alexander the Great and Aristotle's relationship? | They were pupils when Alexander was the Prince of Macedonia |
| Who was Alexander's father? | Philip ll |
| What great thing did Philip ll complete before he died? | He conquered and unified Greece. |
| When did Philip ll unify Greece? | 338 BCE |
| When did Alexander become king of Macedonia? | 336 BCE |
| When did Alexander announce that he would lead a unified force of Greeks and Macedonians to conquer the Persian Empire? | 334 BCE |
| Why did Alexander want to invade the Persian Empire? | To get revenge for the Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BCE. |
| What had Alexander's army completed by 326 BCE? | They had defeated the Persian Empire, taking control of the Middle East and Egypt and crossed the Indus RIver in Northern India. |
| What did Alexander leave behind him as he conquered Eurasia? | A series of new cities inhabited by a mix of indigenous peoples and Greek colonists. |
| At what age did Alexander die? | 32 |
| When did Alexander die? | 323 BCE |
| Why was Alexander's kingdom not given to an heir? | Alexander did not have an heir |
| Who eventually got Alexander's empire? | His generals, they divided amongst themselves |
| What was short lived about Alexander's empire? | Political unity |
| What was long term about Alexander's empire? | Cultural legacy |
| What is the blending of Greek culture into other places? | Hellenistic synthesis |
| Who took advantage of political and economic instability after the Punic Wars to accumulate power for himself? | Julius Caesar |
| When was the first triumvirate formed? | 60 BCE |
| What did the first triumvirate do for Rome? | The three men dominated the government of the Republic for 10 years. |
| During the time of the first triumvirate what did Julius Caesar do with his military genius? | Conquered all of Gaul (modern day France) for Rome. |
| Was his success well received amongst the triumvirate and Roman senate? | No, his success worried them. |
| Why were the fears of the triumvirate and the senate well founded? | Caesar's soldiers were deeply loyal and he was enormously popular among the people of the Roman heartland. |
| What did the senate do in an attempt to control Caesar? | They ordered him to disband his armies and return to Rome. |
| What did Caesar do instead of following the orders of the Senate? | He marched on Rome with his troops, crossing the Rubicon river in 49 BCE, easily taking the city of Rome. |
| By what time had Caesar defeated his political rivals and pressured the Roman senate to name him dictator for life. | 44 BCE |
| When do most historians mark the end of the Roman Republic? | When Caesar declares himself dictator |
| When was Caesar assassinated by the Senate? | March of 44 BCE |
| Why did the Senate assassinate Caesar? | In an attempt to restore the republic |
| What Roman leader began his life as Octavian? | Augustus Caesar |
| Who was Augustus Caesar to Julius Caesar? | His adopted son |
| What did Augustus form with two other supporters of Julius Caesar? | The second triumvirate |
| Why did the second triumvirate fall apart? | Political ambition and jealousy |
| How did Octavian get rid of the other two triumvirate members? | He forced one member into retirement and defeated the other in a civil war |
| Once Octavian was sole ruler of Rome, what was name changed to? | Augustus Caesar |
| When was Octavian's title changed? | 27 BCE |
| What was Augustus Caesar the first of? | Roman Emperor |
| When did Augustus Caesar die? | 14 CE |
| What was the ascension of Augustus Caesar known as? | Pax Romana |
| How long did Pax Romana last? | 207 Years |
| What was so special about Pax Romana? | It is considered the high point in Roman political, economic, and cultural dominance. |
Created by:
savannahreynolds
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