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Ancient Greece
Term | Definition |
---|---|
peninsula | land surrounded on three sides by water |
Peloponnese | is a Greek peninsula that the City-State of Sparta is located. This area very mountainous. |
polis | is the Greek word that refers to a small independent country. |
helots | Greek that means 'captured" Refers the slaves of the city-state of Sparta. |
tyrant | a person who seizes power and runs a government by force |
tyranny | a form of government run by one person, a tyrant, who seized power by force. |
oligarchy | a form of government run by a few usually called oligarchs, most are wealthy land owners, aristocrats. |
democracy | a form of government in which the citizen run the government by making the decisions. |
Sparta | a Greek city state that is an oligarchy. Sparta is a militaristic state. |
Athens | a Greek city state that is a democracy. |
Persia | what is now considered the country of Iran. Persians were warriors and nomads who herded cattle. |
Zoroastrianism | a religion of ancient Persia, monotheistic. Believed in a supreme supreme being that is the creator of all things and a force of goodness. |
Cyrus the Great | united the Persian kingdoms and began building an empire, 559 B.C. to 530 B.C. |
Darius | reorganized the Persian government when the Empire grew to big by dividing the Empire into districts with an official. |
Xerxes | son of Darius, became King of Persia 486 B.C. sought revenge against the Athenians. Fought against Leonidas at Thermopylae. |
Direct Democracy | a form of government in which all citizens partake in meeting and voting on all government decisions. |
Representative Democracy | a form of government in which citizens vote for others to make government decisions for the citizens. |
Pericles | an general that led Athens in for 30 years making Athens the major city-state of the Delian League (made Athens the city state in control of others) |
Phillip II | King of Macedonia. Raised in Greece wanted to defeat the Persians by uniting the Greek city-states. |
Alexander the Great | son of Phillip II. Unites the Greeks and conquerors the Persian Empire. Alexander's empire expands from Greece, Egypt, to India. |
Legacy | what one leaves behind when they die. This could be ideas or material possessions. |
Hellenistic Era | Time when the passing of Greek like ideas, language and culture are passed on the non Greek areas. |