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aptheriseofislam
Chapter 8: The Rise of Islam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Shi'ism is the state religion of Iran | Shi'ites |
| Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community shoould select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries | Sunnis |
| First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the 6th and 13th centuries CE. Also the modern West Afrcian country once known as the Gold Coast | Ghana |
| City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and the ritual center of the Islamic religion | Mecca |
| Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam | Muhammad (570-632 CE) |
| An adherent of the Islamic religion; a person who "submits" to the will of God | Muslim |
| Religion expounded by Muhammad on the basis of his reception of divine revelations, which were collected after his death into the Quarn. Muslims believe that there is one god, Allah, and rewards/punishes based on your actions | Islam |
| City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca | Medina |
| The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of 7th century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community | Umma |
| Office established in succession to Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire | Caliphate |
| Book composed of divine revelations made to Muhammad between 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of Islam | Quarn |
| First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661-750 CE). From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyads ruled an empire that extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate | Umayyad Caliphate |
| Descendants of Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad (founded 762) from 750-1258 | Abbasid Caliphate |
| Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the 9th and 10th centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250-1517) | Mamluks |
| Muslim religious scholars. From the 9th century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies | Ulama |
| A tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran, the most important basis for Islamic law | Hadith |
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