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Session 2 Microbio2a
Microbiology -2a- Intro bacterial cell structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What can bacteria due that no other organism is capable of | fixing inorganic nitrogen |
| Why do microorganisms make great study buddies | grow fast, small, inexpensive, easy and same genetically as higher organisms |
| What are the 3 domains of classification | Bacteria, Archaea, Eucarya |
| Which domains are prokaryotes | bacteria and archaea |
| What distinguishes eucarya from prokaryotes | eukaryotes have true nucleus and cellular organelles, Prokaryotes have nucleoid |
| What are the characteristics of bacteria | single celled prokaryotes, with peptidoglycan cell wall. Nucleoid |
| How do bacteria & archaea multiply | binary fission |
| how to bacteria move | flagella |
| How are bacteria & archaea classified by shape | rods, cocci, spirillum |
| What is a unique characteristic of bacteria | Peptidoglycan cell wall |
| How are archaea different than bacteria | live in extreme conditions and have different cell membrane composition |
| Where do viruses fit into the three domains | they don't |
| what are the characteristics of viruses | nucleic acid surrounded by protein, obligate intracellular parasites, |
| which of the three domains can viruses infect | all three bacteria, archaea, eucarya. |
| What is a prion | rogue protein, somehow it can replicate who knows how. |
| What diseases do prions cause | Kreutzfeld-jakobs disease, Scrapie, Mad Cow, Kuru (spongiform encephalopathies) |
| What is bacterial chromosome like | 1 circular dsDNA supercoiled, located in nucleoid. |
| What is a plasmid | smaller circular pieces of dsDNA, antibiotic resistance, plasmids can transfer between bacteria |
| What is the size of the bacterial ribosome subunits and the complete ribosome | 30s and 50s subunits, and 70s |
| Do bacteria have same ribosome as eucarya | no Bacteria is 70s and eucarya is 80s |
| why is it significant that bacteria have a different ribosome than eucarya | allows for developing drugs that affect bacteria without harming human host. |
| What significant energy process takes place at the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria | Electron transport |
| What is the term for the fact that receptor proteins are always changing positions | Fluid mosaic model |
| What is the bacteria cell wall made of | Peptidoglycan |
| What are the two subunits of Peptidoglycan | N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) linked by glycan |
| What are the two divisions of bacteria based on cell wall | Gram negative and Gram positive |
| What is Gram Positive cell wall like and what is the principle component | thick peptidoglycan with teichoic acid which are neg charged |
| What is Gram Negative cell wall like | thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by outer membrane |
| what is the space between outer membrane and the cytoplasmic membrane | periplasmic space filled with thich gel called periplasm filled with proteins for nutrient degradation and transport |
| What is the gram negative outer membrane made of and what is it purpose | lipopolysaccharides which act as extra barrier with porins that allow only certain nutrients in. |
| What are the bacteria that don't fall into Gram negative and Gram positive | Mycobacterium Sp. and Mycoplasma sp. |
| How are mycobacterium Sp and Mycoplasma sp. different | mycobacterium sp have peptidoglycan with waxlike lipids that require it be stained with and acid-fast stain Mycoplasma sp no peptidoglycan cell wall, have steroids in their membranes |
| What is the characteristics of LPS | toxic, endotoxin, composed of Lipid-A (anchor) and O-specific polysacharide side chain- |
| In LPS membrane what do the O-specific polysacharide side chain allow | they are unique combinations of sugars which allow for indentification of bacteria species |
| What problems can LPS membrane cause | stimulate immune response, cause fever and shock, alot of it can cause DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) |
| What is the glycocalyx and what else is it called and give an example | gel like layer that protects and allows attachment. also called slime and capusle. made of dextrans and glucans. Can make Biofilms and PLAQUE |
| What is a Flagella and its part | used for motility made of filament, hook and basal body |
| What is chemotaxis | movement away from chemical repellants and toward attractants, find food and avoid toxins |
| What are pili | shorter thinner used for attachment also called fimbriae |
| What is the sex pili used for | used in conjugation allows transfer of DNA from one bacteria to another |
| What are storage granules for | storing glycogen, poly-betas hydroxybutyrate, volutin can store phosphates |
| what is volutin good for | since they store phosphates they are good for water treatment to remove pollutants |
| What is an endospore and what are they like | dormant cell that is not active they can survive high heat, dessication, toxic chemicals which means they can survive potential pathogens |
| What are some famous endospore producers | Clostridium botulinum, perfingens, tetani, bacillus anthracis. |
Created by:
smaxsmith
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