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Chapter 26
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Triple Alliance | an alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the late 1800s |
| Triple Entente | an alliance between France, Russia, and Great Britain in the late 1800s |
| Franz Ferdinand | Heir to the throne of Austria- Hungary whose assassination by a Serb nationalist started World War I |
| Gavrilo Princip | Serbian nationalist; he assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, which started World War I |
| neutral | in a war, not aiding either side |
| Central Powers | the alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire during World War I |
| Allied Powers | the alliance formed between Britain, France, and Russia during World War I |
| Western Front | during World War I, the deadlocked region in northern France where German and Allied armies faced off |
| trench warfare | a form of combat in which soldiers dug trenches, or deep ditches, to seek protection from enemy fire and to defend their positions |
| total war | a war that requires the use of all a society's resources |
| propaganda | information such as posters and pamphlets created by governments in order to influence public opinion |
| Battle of Verdun | the longest battle of World War I; it ended in stalemate, with both sides suffering hundreds of thousands of causalities |
| Gallipoli Campaign | failed attempt by the Allies in World War I to take control of the Darndanelles |
| genocide | the killing of an entire people |
| Bolsheviks | Marxists whose goal was to seize state power and establish a dictatorship of the proletariat; Soviet Communists |
| Grigory Rasputin | a self proclaimed Russian holy man and prominent figure at the court of Czar Nicholas II. He was viewed as corrupt, and support for czarist Russia deteriorated because of him |
| Marxism-Leninism | the political and economic philosophy of the Bolsheviks, expounded by Vladimir Lenin, which looked to an uprising of the proletariat that would abolish private property and enforce social equality |
| Leon Trotsky | Russian Communist revolutionary; he negotiated the peace between Russia and the Central Powers to end Russian involvement in World War I |
| New Economic Policy | Lenin's plan, in 1921, to allow limited capitalism, especially among farmers, in order to restore the Soviet economy |
| Woodrow Wilson | Twentieth-eighth president of the United States; he proposed the League of Nations after World War I as a part of his Fourteen Points |
| U-boats | submarines used by Germans in World Wars I and II |
| Zimmerman Note | a telegram sent to a German official in Mexico prior to U.S entrance into World War I; proposed alliance between Germany and Mexico |
| armistice | an agreement to cease fighting, usually in a war |
| Fourteen Points | President Woodrow Wilson´s plan for organization post-World War I Europe and for avoiding future wars |
| Treaty of Versailles | treaty ending World War I |
| League of Nations | an international body of nations formed after World War I to prevent future wars |
| mandates | territories once part of the Ottoman Empire that the League of Nations gave to other European powers to rule after World War I |
| Balfour Declaration | a statement issued by the British foreign secretary in favor of establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine |
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