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Chapter 6- Muscles
Muscle Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force? | contractility |
| What is the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus? | excitability |
| What is the ability to be stretched? | extensibility |
| What is the ability to recoil to original length? | elasticity |
| Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the _______. | epimysium |
| __________ is another connective tissue located outside the epimysium that surrounds and separates the muscle. | fascia |
| -thin myofilaments -2 strands of pearls twisted together | Actin Myofilaments |
| -thick myofiliments - bundles of mini golf clubs | Myosin Myofilaments |
| Actin and myosin form highly ordered units called ________, which are joined end to end to form the myofibril. | sarcomeres |
| What is the basic structural and functional unity of the muscle? | sarcomere |
| Where is the actin in the diagram we drew? | around the z line in the i band |
| What kind of charge does the outside of the cell membrane have? | positive |
| What kind of charge does the inside have? | negative |
| what are nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers? | motor neurons |
| adenosine triphosphate | ATP |
| what is tetany? | where muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| what is anaerobic respiration? | without oxygen |
| what is aerobic respiration? | with oxygen, more efficient |
| The ________ is the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells. | oxygen debt |
| muscle cells | muscle fibers |
| isometric | equal distance ex. stacking books on your hand |
| isotonic | equal tension ex. throwing bowling balls |
| which type of muscle fibers contract and fatigue quickly? and what is an example of this? | fast twitch fibers and the white meat of a chicken breast |
| which type of fiber contracts slower and is more resistant to fatigue? also give an example of this. | slow twitch fibers and dark meat of a ducks breast |
| the ______ (head) is the most stationary end of the muscle. | origin |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called _________. | synergists |
| how are some ways muscles named? | location, size, oreintation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function. |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| closes eyelids and causes crows feet | orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| mastication | chewing |
| how many pairs of mastication muscles are there? | 4 |
| the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called the __________. | sliding filament mechanism |
| the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is called the _______. | lag phase |
| what is the increase in umber of motor units being activated is called _________. | recruitment |
| the process in which a muscle becomes shorter and tighter | contraction |
| muscle cell that makes up the muscle | muscle fibers |
| muscle connected to the skeletal system | skeletal muscle |
| layer of areolar connective tissue that ensheaths each individual myocyte | endomysium |
| only found in heart, pumps blood through body | cardiac muscle |
| transparent tubular sheath which envelops the fibers of skeletal muscles | sarcolemma |
| regulates calcium ion concentration | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| part of a nerve cell where impulses are conducted | axon |
| decline in muscles ability to generate force | muscle fatigue |
| What did the tennis ball experiment represent? | muscle fatigue |
| What is muscle that stabilizes? | fixators |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles that secrete a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. true or false? | true |
| The H and I bands shorten, but the A bands do change in length. true or false? | false |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called ________, at which point the muscle fiber will contract maximally. | threshold |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called threshold, at which point the muscle fiber will contract maximally. This phenomenon is called the _______________. | all-or-none response |
| the time of contraction is the _________. | contraction phase |
| Where is ATP produced? | mitochondria |
| ATP is short lived and very unstable. t/f? | true |
| ATP turns into ADP plus phosphate. t/f? | true |
| It is necessary for muscle cells to constantly produce ATP. When at rest they can’t stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule, called ___________. | creatine phosphate |
| what flattens the cheeks? | "trumpter's muscle" buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| frowning | depressor anguli oris |
| what changes the shape of the tongue? | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| what moves the tongue? | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover...rotates and abducts the head | sternocleidomastoid |
| muscles that move the thorax | thoracic muscles |
| elevates the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
| tendious area of the abdominal wall | linea alba |
| on each side of the linea alba | rectus abdominis muscle |
| adducts and flexes the arm | pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, adducts, powerfully extends the arm 'swimmer muscles" | latissimus dorsi |
| major abductor of the upper limb | deltoid |
| extends the forearm | triceps brachii |
| flexes the forearm | biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | brachialis |
| flexes and supinates the forearm | brachioradialsis |
| flexes the wrist | flexor carpi |
Created by:
hjcoope2
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