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Med Term Mod15
Vocabulary & Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acetabulum | rounded depression/socket in the pelvis, which joins the femur forming the hip joint |
| acromion | outward extension of shoulder blade forming point of shoulder; overlies shoulder joint & articulates with clavicle |
| articular cartilage | thin layer of cartilage surrounding the bones in the joint space |
| bone | dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeletom |
| calcium | one of the mineral constituents of bone |
| calcium phosphate | major calcium salt in bones |
| cancellous bone | spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone |
| cartilaginous tissue | flexible, rubbery connective tissue; found in the immature skeleton, at epiphyseal growth plate & on joint surfaces |
| collagen | dense connective tissue strands of protein found in bone |
| compact (cortical) bone | layer of hard, dense bone lying under periosteum in all bones |
| condyle | rounded, knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint; usually covered by articular cartilage |
| cranial bones | bones of skull; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid & temporal bones |
| diaphysis | shaft/mid-portion of a long bone |
| disk (disc) | flat, round, plate-like structure |
| epiphyseal line/plate | layer of cartilage at the ends od long bones where lengthwise bone growth takes place, in immature skeleton |
| epiphysis | each end of a long bone; area beyond epiphyseal plate |
| facial bones | bones of face, lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, & zygomatic bones |
| fissure | narrow, slit-like opening in/between bones |
| fontanelle | soft spot between skull bones of an infant |
| foramen | opening/passage in bones where blood vessels & nerves enter & leave |
| foramen magnum | opening of the inferior occipital bone through which spinal cord passes |
| fossa | shallow cavity in a bone |
| Haversian canals | minute spaces for blood vessels in compact bone |
| malleolus | either of 2 bony enlargements (processes) on each side of an ankle; lateral malleolus is part of fibula & medial malleolus is part of tibia |
| manubrium | upper portion of sternum |
| mastoid process | round process of temporal bone behind ear |
| medullary cavity | central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone |
| metaphysis | flared portion of a long bone, between diaphysis of the bone & epiphyseal plate at the end of the bone |
| olecranon | large process on the proximal end of ulna; the point of the flexed elbow |
| osseous tissue | bone tissue |
| ossification | process of bone formation |
| osteoblast | bone cell responsible for forming bony tissue |
| osteoclast | large bone cell that function to absorb & remove unwanted bony tissue during growth & healing of fractures |
| periosteum | membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels & nerve tissue |
| phosphorus | mineral found in bones & teeth |
| pubic symphysis | are of confluence of the 2 pubic bones in the midline of the pelvic bone; slightly movable joint separated by a disk of fibrocartilage |
| red bone marrow | soft bone tissue in spongy, cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis |
| ribs | twelve pairs of curved, elongated bones in chest |
| sella turcica | depression in sphenoid bone at base of the skull; location of pituitary gland |
| sinus | hollow, air cavity within the cranial & facial bones |
| styloid process | pole-like process extending downward from temporal bone on each side of skull |
| suture | immovable, fibrous joint; as between bones of the skull |
| temporomandibular joint | connection between temporal bone of skull & mandibular bone of jaw |
| trabeculae | supporting bundles of fibers in cancellous, spongy bone |
| trochanter | large process at neck of femur |
| tubercle | small, rounded process on many bones for attachment of muscles & tendons |
| tuberosity | small rounded elevation on a bone; attachment site for muscles & tendons |
| vertebra | individua backbone composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, lamina & neural canal |
| xiphoid process | lower, narrow portion of sternum |
| yellow bone marrow | fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones |
| articulation | a connection between bones; joint |
| bursae (bursa) | closed sacs of synovial fluid lines with a synovial membrane near but not within joint |
| ligament | connective tissue binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens, & stabalizes a joint |
| suture joint | immovable joint in which apposed bones are closely united; bones of skull |
| synovial cavity | space between bones at synovial joint, containg synovial fluid produced by synovial membrane |
| synovial fluid | viscous fluid containg water & nutrients to nourish as well as lubricate joints to reduce friction |
| synovial joint | freely moving joint |
| synovial membrane | membrane lining synovial joint cavity; produces synovial fluid |
| tendon | type of connective tissue that binds muscles to bones |
| abduction | muscle movement away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | muscle movement toward the midline of the body |
| dorsiflexion | backward (upward) bending of foot |
| extension | increasing the angle between 2 bones & straightening a limb |
| fascia | fibrous membrane separating & enveloping muscle |
| flexion | decreasing angle btween 2 bones, as in bending a limb |
| insertion of a muscle | connection of muscle to a bone that moves |
| origin of a muscle | connection of the muscle to a stationary bone |
| plantar flexion | motion that extends foot downward toward ground |
| pronation | turning palm backward |
| rotation | circular movement around a central point |
| skeletal muscle | muscle connected to bones; voluntary/striated |
| smooth muscle | muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary/visceral |
| striated muscle | skeletal muscle |
| supination | turning palm forward |
| visceral muscle | smooth muscle |
| chondrocostal | pertaining to cartilage that is attached to ribs |
| ligamentous | pertaining to a ligament |
| lumbosacral | pertaining to the lower bones of back (lumbar & sacral regions) |
| lumbar vertebrae | backbones (5) in region of the waist (middle section below chest) |
| malleolar | pertaining to a malleolus |
| mandibular | pertaining to the lower jaw bone |
| myelopoiesis | formation of bone marrow |
| nasal bone | 2 slender bones that support bridge of nose |
| occipital bone | forms the back & base of skull & joins parietal & temporal bones forming a suture |
| olecranal | pertaining to elbow (olecranon) |
| parietal bones | 2 bones on either side of skull, which form roof & upper part of the side of cranium |
| peroneal | pertaining to the fibula |
| phalangeal | pertaining to finger/toe bones |
| phosphorus | mineral found in bones & teeth |
| radial | pertaining to the radius |
| sacral vertebrae | 5 separated bones that fuse when a young child; in an adult slightly curved traingularly shaped bone (lower back below lumbar region) |
| scapular | pertaining to shoulder blade |
| striated muscle | composed of bands of fibers that make the muscle look striped; attached to bones (voluntary/skeletal muscle) |
| subcostal | pertaining to under the ribs |
| upraclavicular | pertaining to above the collar bone |
| subpatellar | pertaining to under the knee cap |
| suture joint | joint in which apposed bones are closely united |
| temporal bones | two bones that form the lower sides & base of cranium |
| thoracic vertebrae | 12 backbones in region of chest |
| tibial | pertaining to the larger of the two lower leg bones |
| ulnar | pertaining to the ulna |
| visceral muscle | muscle that lines walls of internal organs; smooth/voluntary muscle |
| vomer | thin, single, flat bone that forms lower part of nasal septum |
| zygomatic bones | two bone on each side of the face which form the high portion of cheek, or cheekbones |
| calcaneal | pertaining to heel bone |
| cartilage | flexible, connective tissue that is firmer than muscle, yet softer than bone |
| coccyx | tailbone; four fused coccygeal bones |
| ethmoid bone | thin, delicate bone that supports the nasal cavity & forms part of the orbits of the eye |
| femoral | pertaining to the femur |
| fibular | pertaining to the fibula |
| fibula | smaller of the two leg bones |
| femur | longest & heaviest bone in the body; thigh bone |
| frontal bone | skull bone that forms the forehead & bony sockets that contain the eyes |
| humeral | pertaining to the humerus |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| iliac | pertaining to the ilium (upper & largest portion of the pelvis bone) |
| ilium | upper & largest portion of the pelvis (hip) bone |
| ischial | pertaining to the ischium (posterior portion of the pevlic bone) |
| ischium | posterior portion of the pevlic bone |
| lacrimal bones | two small, thin bones located at corner of each eye |
| ligament | thickened fibrous bands of connective tissue anchoring one bone to another, adding considerable strength to joint capsule |
| ligamentous | pertaining to a ligament |
| also called bone phagocytes | osteoclasts |
| long bones | very strong bones with broad ends where they join with other bones; large surface area for muscles attachments |
| found ing the thigh, lower leg & upper/lower arms | long bones |
| short bones | small with irregular shape |
| found in wrist & ankle are | short bones |
| flat bones | cover soft body parts |
| shoulder blade, ribs & pelvis bones are all | flat bones |
| sesamoid bone | small, rounded bones; resemble sesame seed in shape |
| found near joints & increase efficiency of muscles near particular joints | sesamoid bones |
| the largest example of a sesamoid bone | kneecap (patella) |
| lies chiefly around diaphysis of long bones | compact (cortical) bone |
| bone head | rounded end of bone separated from body of bone by a neck |
| usually covered by articular cartilage | bone head |
| the bone head of the femur is called | femoral head |
| greater trochanter | large process on femur for attachment of tendons & muscle |
| lesser trochanter | smaller process on femur for attachment of tendons & muscle |
| sometimes called trabecular bone | callcellous bone |
| callcellous bone is much more porous and less dense than | compact bones |
| composed primarily of cancellous bone which contains numberous small holes | ethmoid bone |
| ethm/o means | sieve |
| sphen/o means | wedge |
| mast/o means | breast |
| styl/o means | pole, stake |
| each bone encloses an ear & contains fossa for joining with mandible | temporal bones |
| sphenoid bone | bat-shaped bone that extends behind eyes & forms part of base of skull; joins with frontal, occipital, & ethmoid bones |
| serves as an anchor to hold certain skull bones together | sphenoid bone |
| nasal bones join with frontal bone superiorly & form part of the | nasal septum |
| 2 facial bones that contain fossae for the tear gland & canals for the passage of tear duct | lacrimal bones |
| maxillary bones | two large bones composing massive upper jawbones, joined by suture in median plane |
| mandibular bone | lower jaw bone, joining skull at region of temporal bone, forming TMJ on either side of skull |
| what is the name for the sockets which the manidble & maxillae contain, in which teeth are embedded | alveoli |
| the wall separating the nostils is called the | vomer |
| the sinus functions are to | warm & moisten air that passes through them |
| spinous process | single process on the posterior portion of a vertebra, vertebral arch |
| tranverse process | located on either side of the spinous process |
| lamina | bar-like, inferior to transverse process; located on either side of spinous process |
| neural canal | space between vertebral body & vertebral arch throuh which spinal cord passes |
| verterbal body | inner, thick, round anterior portion of a vertebra |
| intervertebral disk (disc) | pad of cartilage providing flexibility & prevents check to vertebral column |
| clavicle | slender bone, ventrally (one on each side) connecting breastbone to each shoulder blade |
| scapula | 2 flat, traingular bones; one on each dorsal side of thorax |
| scapula joins with clavicle to form a joint called | the acromion |
| acr/o means | extremity |
| om/o means | shoulder |
| acromioclavicluar joint | joint formed by clavicle & acromion joint |
| sternum | flat bone extending down midline of chest |
| uppermost part of sternum articulates on the side with | clavicle & ribs |
| uppermost part of sternum articulates lower, narrower portion with | diaphragm & abdominal muscles |
| xiph/o means | sword |
| articulates with medial aspect of clavicle | manubrium |
| join anteriorly through costal cartilages | the first 7 pairs of ribs |
| ribs 1-7 are called | true ribs |
| true ribs join with | sternum anteriorly and vertebral column in the back |
| costal cartilages | cartilanginous attachments for the first 7 pairs of ribs |
| ribs 8-10 are called | false ribs |
| false ribs join with | vertebral column in back and anteriorly with 7th rib |
| ribs 11 & 12 are called | floating ribs |
| floating ribs are | completely free at anterior ends |
| large head is rounded & joins with glenoid fossa of scapula to form shoulder joint | humerus |
| proximal bony process of the ulna at elbow is called | olecranon |
| there are two rows on four bones in the wrist called | carpals |
| bones at the palm of the hand | metacarpals |
| carpals | wrist bones |
| metacarpals | 5 radiating bones in fingers |
| phalanges | finger bones |
| each finger, except thumb has | three phalanges |
| the three phalanges of the finger are the | proximal, medial & distal |
| phalanx is | singular for phalanges |
| the thumb only has a | proximal & distal phalanx |
| pelvic girdle | collection of bones that support the trunk of body |
| articulates with femur to form hip joint | pelvis girdle |
| adult pelvis is composed of fused bones called | ilium, ischium & pubis |
| ilium, ischium & pubis articulate posteriorly with | the sacrum of the vertebral column |
| dorsally, the two parts of this pelvic girdle bone do not meet; insteaad they join the sacrum on either side | ilium |
| sacroiliac joint | connection between sacrum & iliac bones is firm, with very little motion able to occur |
| iliac crest | superior part of ilium |
| filled with red bone marrow & serves as an attachment for abdominal walls muscles | iliac crest |
| what do you sit on? | ischium & muscles that attach to it |
| pubis | anterior part of pelvis |
| two pubic bones join by way of | a cartilaginous disk |
| pelvic cavity | region within the ring of bone formed by pelvic girdle; rigid architecture to protect internal organs |
| pelvic cavity contains | the rectum, sigmoid colon, bladder & female reproductive organs |
| at its proximal end it has a rounded head fitting into a depression in pelvis | the femur |
| resemblance to a rounded cup Romans used for vinggar | acetabulum |
| "ball and socket" joint/hip joint | head of femur & acetabulum |
| patella | small, flat (sesamoid) bone surrounded by protective tendons held in place by muscle attachments |
| lying anterior to articulation of femur & tibia | patella |
| femur, tibia & patella form | the knee joint |
| tibia | larger of 2 bones in lower leg; runs under skin in front part of leg |
| joins with femur & patella proximally & at distal end flares to form malleolus | tibia |
| fibula | smaller of 2 lower leg bones; thin & well hidden under legs muscles running parallel lateral to tibia |
| talas | first of tarsal bones |
| tibia, fibula & talas form | the ankle joint |
| tarsals | 7 short bones of hind part of foot; resemble carpal bones but are larger |
| calcaneus | largest of the tarsals |
| metatarsal | 5 bones of midfoot, which are similar to metacarpals of hand |
| each of these lead to phalanges of toes | the metatarsas |
| metatarsophalangeal joint | joint between big toe & bone of the foot |
| joint capsule | fibrous tissue surrounding synovial joints |
| synovial membrane | lies under joint capsule & lines synovial cavity between bones |
| located wherever 2 types of tissue are closely opposed & need to slide past one another with little friction | bursae |
| tendons | connective tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| between tendons & bones, ligaments & bones, skin & bones, & any area where bony anatomy prominent | common sites of bursae |
| nucleus pulposus | interior of intervertebral disk |
Created by:
lfrancois
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