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Psych development
CH 8 Overthrow Development of Ballistic Skills (final)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ballistic skills | are those in which a person applies force to an object in order to project it |
| most common type of throw | one-hand overarm throw |
| type of throw that a person uses often depends on | task constraints, particularly rules and the size of the ball |
| What is the problem with accurately assessing someone’s throwing proficiency? Accurately access how well someone can throw? | Criteria is dynamic (i.e., changes with age, body size/strength, task, the relative age effect, etc.) |
| Characteristics of Early Overarm Throwing | -Done by arm only Isnt any Back swing to generate force or trunk movement, no step forward, arm leg flexion of wrist |
| Proficient Overarm Throwing | 1 Forward step pelvic rotation 2 Upper spine rotation and upper arm swing 3 Upper arm inward rotation and elbow extension 4 Release 5 Follow-through |
| Validated developmental sequences | sequences of advances in the performance of a skill that have been determined by longitudinal study and shown to fall in the same fixed order for all individuals (Order is the same but pace can vary) |
| 4 components Over arm throwing | -Trunk -Backswing -Forearm -Feet |
| Developmental Changes in Trunk | Step 1: no trunk action (early stage) Step 2: block rotation (becoming proficient age 4-5) Step 3: differentiated trunk rotation (professional) |
| Block rotation | forward rotation of the lower and upper trunk as a unit |
| differentiated trunk rotation | the lower trunk (hip section) rotates before the upper trunk (shoulder section), still preparing to rotate forward |
| Developmental Changes in Backswing | Step 1: arm dont move backward before moving forward (no backswing) Step 2: arm moves backward so ball is behind head (some but limited) Step 3: circular upward backswing (straight line back) Step 4: circular downward backswing (professional throw) |
| Developmental Changes in Forearm | Step 1: elbow higher or lower than shoulder as arm swings forward Step 2: elbow is at shoulder level Step 3: at time of front facing (trunk is facing forward), forearm lags behind --> this helps increase speed of throwing |
| Developmental Changes in Feet | Step 1: no step forward Step 2: step forward with leg on same side as throwing arm Step 3: step forward with opposite leg, short step Step 4: step forward with opposite leg, long step |
| The development of throwing in different body parts | does not develop at same time (e.g., trunk before forearm) |
| Boys generally go through throwing development stages faster than girls - why? | Gender norms, desire, opportunities, instruction Practice vs nonpractice |
| Throwing Sex differences also exist in Adulthood | older men generally have better form and velocity |
| Throwing in Adulthood (60+ years of age) | 1 Feet: shorter contralateral step 2 Trunk: block rotation 3 Backswing: begins with circular downward motion but circle is not “completed” 4 Generally, older adult throwing patterns resemble individuals with moderate throwing skill (steps 2, 3) |
| Throwing for Accuracy | Throwers used a slower velocity in the accuracy condition Most individuals adapted their movements in at least one body component |
Created by:
rmart11
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