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Stack #301738
Ch.13:The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Taika reforms | attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army |
| The Tale of Genji | written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society |
| Fujiwara | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial powers |
| bushi | regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies |
| samurai | mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders; loyal to local lords, not the emperor |
| seppuku | ritual suicide of disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor |
| Taira | powerful Japanese family in 11th and 12th centuries; competed with Minamoto family; defeated after Gempei Wars |
| Minamoto | defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government in 12th-century Japan |
| Gempei Wars | waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira |
| bakufu | military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power residedin military government and samurai |
| shoguns | military leaders of the bakufu |
| Hojo | warrior family closely allied with Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers; claimed to rule in name of Japanese emperor at Kyoto |
| Ashikaga Takuaji | member of the Minamoto family; overthrew the Kamakura regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336-1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino |
| Ashikaga Shogunate | replaced the Kamakura regime in Japan; ruled from 1336-1573; destroyed rival Yoshino center of imperial authority |
| daimyos | warlord rulers of 300 small states following Onin War and disruption of Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated unto united and bounded mini-states |
| Choson | earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 B.C. |
| Koguryo | tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification |
| Silla | independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668 |
| Paekche | independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated by rival Silla kingdom and its Chinese Tang allies in 7th century |
| Sinification | extensive adaption of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam |
| Yi | Korean dynasty that succeeded Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence |
| Khmers | Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south |
| Trung sisters | leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; revolt broke out in 39; demonstrates importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous society |
| Chams | Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south |
| Nguyen | rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue |
| Trinh | dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533-1772; rivals of Nguyen family in south |