click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 16
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Caravel | a sailing vessel that uses square triangular sails to help it sail against the wind |
Henry the Navigator | Prince of Portugal and patron of exploration; he made no voyages himself but spent his life directing voyages of discovery along the African coast |
Vasco da Gama | Portuguese navigator; in 1497-1499, he became the first European to sail around Africa and reach India by sea |
Christopher Columbus | Italian Explorer, sailing for Spain, who reached the Americas in 1492 while searching for a western sea route from Europe to Asia |
Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese navigator; his ships were the first to circumnavigate the globe, though he died on the journey |
Circumnavigate | to proceed completely around |
Sir Fracis Drake | English admiral; he rounded the tip of South America and explored the west coast. He ended up heading west to return to England, thus becoming the second man to circumnavigate the globe |
Henry Hudson | English navigator; he sailed for the Dutch East India Company and discovered the Hudson River in present day New York |
Encomienda | spanish colonial system in which a colonist was given a certain amount of land and a number of Native Americans to work the land in exchange for teaching the Native Americans Christianity |
Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador; from 1519 to 1521, he defeated the Aztec Empire, conquering Mexico for Spain |
Conquistador | a Spanish solider and explorer who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain |
Montezuma II | Aztec Ruler from 1502 to 1520; he was the emperor of the Aztecs when Cortes and his army conquered the empire. He was taken prisoner and killed during the battle with the Spanish army |
Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador, conqueror of Peru; founder of Lima, Peru. From 1530 to 1533, he conquered the Inca Empire |
Atahualpa | Last Inca King; he was taken prisoner by Pizarro and his army after refusing to accept Christianity and surrender his empire to Spain |
Viceroys | officials who ruled Spain's American empire |
Bartolome de Las Casas | Spanish missionary and historian |
Treaty of Tordesillas | the agreement between Spain and Portugal that created an imaginary north-south line dividing their territory in the Americas |
Colombian Exchange | the transfer of plants, animals, and disease between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa beginning with the voyages of Columbus |
Mercantilism | an economic system used from about the 1500s to the 1700s that held that a nations power was directly related to its wealth |
Balance of Trade | the difference in value between what a nation imports and exports over a period of time |
Subsidies | grants of money |
Capitalism | economic system in which most businesses are privately owned |
Joint-stock companies | businesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses |
Plantations | large farms that usually specialized in the growing of one type of crop for a profit |
Triangular Trade | trading network lasting from the 1600s to the 1800s that carried goods and enslaved people between Europe, the Americas and Africa |
Middle Passage | the name for voy |
Olaudah Equiano | African American abolitionist;he was an enslaved African who was eventually freed |
African Diaspora | the dispersal of people of African descent throughout the Americans and Western Europe due to slave trade |