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Ch.16

TermDefinition
Caravel A sailing vessel that uses square and triangular sails to help it sail against the wind
Henry the Navigator Prince of Portugal and patron of exploration; he made no voyages himself but spent his life directing voyages of discovery along the African coast
Vasco da Gama Portuguese navigator, in 1497-1499, he became the first European to sail around African and reach India by sea
Christopher Columbus Italian explorer, sailing for Spain, who reached the Americans in 1492 while searching for a western sea route from Europe to Asia
Ferdinand Magellan Portuguese navigator; his ships were the first to circumnavigate the globe, though he died on the journey
Circumnavigate To proceed completely around
Sir Francis Drake English admiral; he rounded the tip of South America and explored the west coast. He ended up heading west to return to England, thus becoming the second man to circumnavigate the globe
Henry Hudson English navigator; he sailed for the dutch East India Company and discovered the Hudson river in present-day New York
Encomienda Spanish colonial system in which a colonist was given a certain amount of land and a number of Native Americans to work the land in exchange for teaching the Native Americans Christianity
Hernan Cortes English conquistador; from 1519 to 1521, he defeated the Aztec empire, conquering Mexico for Spain
Conquistador A Spanish solder and explorer who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain
Moctezuma II Aztec ruler from 1502 to 1520; he was the emperor of the Aztecs when Cortes and his army conquered the empire. He was taken prisoner and killed during the battle with the Spanish army
Francisco Pizarro Spanish conquistador; conqueror of Peru; founder of Lima, Peru. to 1533, he conquered the Inca Empire
Atahualpa Last Inca king; he was taken prisoner by Pizarro and his army after refusing to accept Christianity and surrender his empire to Spanish conquistador. He was killed by the Spanish and his empire was taken over
Viceroys Officials who rules Spain's American empire
Bartolome de Las Casas Spanish missionary and historian; he sought to protect Native Americans from Spanish mistreatment by replacing them as laborers with imported African slaves
Treaty of Tordesillas The agreement between Spain and Portugal that created and imaginary north-south line dividing their territory in the Americas
Columbian Exchange The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between Americas and Europe , Asia, and Africa beginning with the voyages of Columbus
Mercantilism An economic system used from about the 1500's to the 1700's that held that a nation's power was directly related to it's wealth
Balance of trade The difference in value between what a nation imports and exports over a period of time
Subsidies Grants of money
Capatalism Economic system in which most businesses are privately owned
Joint-stock companies Businesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses
Plantation Large farms that usually specialized in the growing of one type of crop for a profit
Triangular trade Trading networks lasting from 1600's to the 1800's that carried goods and enslaved people between Europe, the Americans, and Africa
Middle passage The name for voyages that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
Olaudah Equiano African American abolitionist; he was an enslaved African who was eventually freed, became a leader of Abolitionist movement, and wrote The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
African Diaspoa The dispersal of people of African decent throughout the Americans and Western Europe due to the slave trade
Created by: evelynguillen
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