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Chapter 3
Internal Root Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acanth/Acantho | Spinous/with spikes |
| Acanthocyte | red blood cell with a spinous cell membrane |
| Aer/aero | Gas |
| Aerosinusitis | Inflamed nasal sinuses, commonly experienced by deep sea divers and high altitude flyers. Casued by differential pressure between the internal sinus cavity and the atmosphere |
| Alge/ Algo/ Algio | Pain |
| Analgesics | A group of pharmaceutical drugs used to obtain relief from pain |
| Andro | Masculine |
| Androblastoma | Tumor in the testicles |
| Bronch/ Bronchi/ broncho | The bronchus (Part of the respiratory system that directs airs into the lungs) |
| Bronchoconstrictor | A drug that causes the airways in the lungs to constrict and narrow; can potentially trigger an asthma attack |
| bronchiol/ bronchio | Bronchioles (smaller airways which branch off the bronchi) |
| bronchiolitis | Severe viral infection affection the lungs with inflammation of the bronchioles. Occurs more commonly in infants and younger kids. Common causative agent is the respiratory syncytial virus. |
| Carcin/carcino | Cancer |
| Carcinogen | Cancer causing agent |
| Cardi/ cardio | The heart |
| Cardiomyopathy | Any clinical condition that affects the heart muscles ability to contract causing reduced cardio output |
| Cellul/ cellulo | Cell |
| Cellulitis | Infection in the skin and the underlying tissues caused by bacteria, often streptococci. |
| Cerebell/ Cerebello | Cerebellum |
| Cerebellar Ataxia | Irregular, spasmodic, & involuntary movements brought about by diseases or injury of the cerebellum |
| Cerebr/ cerberi/ cerbero | Cerebrum |
| Cerebrovascular disease | |
| Chol/ chole | Bile |
| Cholangiography | A diagnostic procedure where a contrast medium is used to render the bile ducts visible through an X-ray. Used to detect biliary stones or tumors |
| Cholecyst/ cholecysto | The gallbladder |
| Cholecystectomy | The removal of the gallbladder |
| Chrom/ Chromo | Color |
| Chromatogenous | producing color |
| Col/Colo | Colon |
| Colestomy | removal of part of the colon |
| Colp/Colpo | the vagina |
| Colposcopy | Procedure where the cervix and vagina are visually inspected through magnifying glass (colposcope) |
| Cost/ Costo | Rib |
| Costalgia | Pain in the chest area caused by injury to one of the ribs |
| Cry/Cryo | Cold |
| Cryosurgery | Therapeutic procedure involving extremely low temperatures utilized for destroying tissues. May also be used to promote adhesion between a tool and a tissue |
| Crypt/ Crypto | Hidden |
| Cryptorchidism | Developmental disorder in newborn boys, characterized by failure of the testes to drop into the scrotum |
| Cutane/ Cutaneo | Skin |
| Subcutaneous | The area underneath the skin |
| Cyan/ Cyano | Blue |
| Cyanosis | A skin discoloration where extremities of the face turn blue, as a result of excessive amounts of deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood |
| Cysti/ Cyst/ Cysto | Cyst |
| Cysticercosis | Severe albeit rare condition, where there is an infestation of parasitic cysts within the muscles and even in the brain |
| Cyt/ Cyto | Cell |
| Cytology | The study of individual cells |
| Dipl/Diplo | Double |
| Diplopia | Clinical term for double vision |
| Duoden/ duodeno | Duodenum |
| Duodenitis | Inflamed duodenum |
| Encephal/ Encephalo | Brain |
| Electroencephalogram | Diagnostic procedure done to check for abnormalities in the brains electrical activity. Done by tracking and recording brain waves |
| Intestine | |
| Gastroenteritis | Infection of the stomach and the intestines, usually due to a virus or bacteria |
| Episi/Episio | The vulva |
| Episiorrhaphy | Surgical repair of a laceration of the vulva |
| Eryth/ Erythro | Red |
| Erythrocytes | Red Blood Cells |
| Esophag/ esophago | Esophagus |
| Esophagitis | Inflammation of the esophageal lining |
| Fibr/ Fibro | Fibers |
| Fibrosis | Scar tissue overgrowth |
| Galact/ galacto | Milk |
| Galactorrhea | Excessive production of milk or milk-like discharge from the nipples. Can happen to non-pregnant women |
| Gastr/ gastro | Stomach |
| Gastrostomy | Surgical procedure where an opening is created in the stomach, so a feeding tube may be attached |
| Glyc/ Glyco | Sugar |
| Glycopenia | Sugar deficiency |
| Gynec/Gyneco | Female |
| Gynecology | Medical practice specializing in the female body |
| Hemat/ Hemato | Blood |
| Hematoma | Blood clot |
| Hepat/ hepato/ Hepatic | The liver |
| Hepatomegaly | Enlargement of the liver |
| Heter/ hetero | Dissimilar |
| Heterochromia | Congenital condition where there is a difference in the color of the skin, the hair, and the iris (ex: one eye is brown & the other is blue) |
| Hidr/Hidro | Sweat |
| Hyperhydrosis | Excessive sweating |
| Hist/ histo/ Histio | Tissue |
| Histology | The study of tissues |
| Hom/ Homo/ Home/ Homeo | Similar |
| Homeoplasia | The development of new, similar tissue |
| Hydr/ Hydro | Water |
| Hydrocele | Condition where the space around the testes is filled with fluid. causes tender swelling in the scrotum |
| Hyster/ hystero | The uterus |
| Hysterectomy | Removal of the uterus |
| Latr/ Latro | Treatment |
| Latrogenic | Suggests a link to treatment |
| Jejun/ Jejuno | jejunum (middle part of small intestine) |
| jejunostomy | Surgical procedure where an opening is cut in the wall of the jejudenum, so a plastic tube may be inserted. |
| Kerat/Kerato | The eyes cornea |
| Keratomalacia | A disease of the eyes brought about by lack of vitamin A. Cornea becomes cloudy ,ulcerated, and eventually perforated |
| Laryng/ Laryngyo | The larynx |
| Laryngitis | Inflamed larynx |
| Leuk/ Leuko | White |
| Leukemia | A cancer that affects the production and function of blood cells |
| Lip/ lipo/ lipid/ lipido | Fat |
| Liposarcoma | Unusual type of connective tissue cancer, where abnormal cells look like fat cells. Swelling is experienced in thighs and abdomen |
| Lith/ Litho | Stone |
| Lithotomy | Surgical removal of stones from areas of the urinary tract |
| Lymph/ Lympho | The lymph vessels |
| Lymphangiography | A diagnostic test conducted through the injection of a contrast agent into the lymph vessels to make abnormalities visible through X-ray |
| Melan/ Melano | Black |
| Melanocytes | Cells that form melanin |
| Men/ Meno | Menstruation |
| Menorrhea | Abnormally disproportionate menstrual bleeding |
| Mening/ meningo | Meninges |
| Meningitis | Inflamed and infected meninges caused by a virus or bacteria. fatal condition is accompanied by severe headaches, photosensitivity, and stiffening of the muscles |
| Metr/ Metra/ Metro | Uterus |
| Metrorrhagia | Irregular bleeding from the uterus that is experienced between the woman's monthly periods. |
| My/ Myo | Muscle |
| Myalgia | Muscular pain |
| Myel/ Myelo | The spine or the bone marrow |
| Myelosclerosis | Proliferation of fibrous tissue in the bone marrow. Impairs the bone marrow's competence in producing blood cells |
| Myring/ Myringo | The eardrum |
| Myringoplasty | Corrective procedure where a hole in the eardrum is closed with tissue grafting |
| Nat/Nato | Birth |
| Neonate | A newborn baby, less than 4 months old |
| Necr/ Necro | Death |
| Necrosis | The death of tissue cells due to insufficient blood supply or an infection |
| Nephr/ Nephro | The kidneys |
| Nephrocalcinosis | The presence of calcium deposits in one or both kidneys |
| Oophor/ Oophoro | The ovaries |
| Oophorectomy | Surgical removal of the ovaries; Last resort treatment for ovarian cancer and cysts |
| Orchi/ orchid/ orchido/ orchio | The testes |
| Orchitis | Inflammation of the testes, accompanied by high temperature, severe pain & swelling. Commonly sue to mumps when occurring after puberty |
| Oss/ Osseo/ Ossi/ Ost/ Osteo | The bones |
| Osteomyelitis | Bone and bone marrow infection, usually bacterial |
| Palat/ Palato | The palate |
| Palatoplasty | Reconstruction of a cleft palate |
| Patth/ Patho | Disease |
| Pathogen | Causative agent of a disease, usually a microorganism |
| Periton/ Peritone | The peritoneum |
| Peritonitis | Inflamed peritoneum, usually from entry of bacteria and digestive fluids into the abdominal cavity, through a punctured stomach or intestinal wall |
| Pharmac/ pharmaco | Drugs |
| Pharmacodynamics | Pertains to the way the body reacts to, synthesizes, and benefits from a pharmaceutical substance |
| Pharyng/ pharyngo | The pharynx |
| Pharyngitis | Inflamed pharynx due to virus or bacteria. Can also be caused by irritants |
| Phleb/Phlebo | Vein |
| Phlebitits | Inflammation of a vein; usually occurs after injection of an irritant drug into the vein |
| Phren/ phreno | Diaphragm |
| Phrenic nerve | A nerve which supplies the diaphragm; essentially for breathing |
| Pleur/ Pleuro | The pleura |
| Pleurisy | Inflamed pleura due to infections of the lung, pulmonary embolism, or cancer of the lung |
| Pneum/ pneuma/ peumo/ pneumato | The lungs |
| Pneumothorax | Potentially fatal condition where air leaks into the pleural cavity; will eventually lead to lung collapse due to pleural compression on the lungs |
| Poli/ polio | Gray |
| Poliomyelitis | Infectious condition caused by a viral pathogen. The severe type affects the brain (especially the gray matter) and the spinal cord; if this happens the disease becomes fatal |
| Proct/ Procto | The anus or the rectum |
| Proctitis | Inflammation of the rectum, accompanied by pain, bleeding, and pus |
| Pulmon/ pulmono | The lungs |
| Pulmonary hypertension | Abnormally elevated blood pressure in the arteries |
| Pyel/ pyelo | The pelvis/ the kidneys |
| Pyelonephritis | Inflamed kidneys often due to a bacterial causative agent |
| Rect/ Recto | The rectum |
| Rectocele | Tissues of the vaginal wall are weakened and the back wall of the vagina bulges inward and downward bc the rectum is pushing against it |
| Sacr/ Sacro | The sacrum |
| Sacralgia | Scrotum pain; usually associated with disc prolapse due to pressure created on the spinal nerve |
| Salping/ Salpingo | The fallopian tube |
| Salpingitis | Inflammation of the fallopian tubes; may be due to P.I.D, but more commonly due to STI's |
| Sarc/ Sarco | Flesh |
| Sarcoidosis | A sporadic inflammatory disease of unknown origin which affects tissues around the body, most frequently the skin, liver, and lymph nodes |
| Sept/ Septo | Contamination |
| Septicemia | A deadly condition where there is fast spread of bacteria that release toxins into bloodstream |
| Splen/ Pleno | The spleen |
| Spondyl/ spondylo | The vertebra |
| Spondylosis | A spinal disorder where the arch of the 5th lumbar vertebra is not made up of normal bone as it should be. Instead it's composed of soft, fibrous tissue which is weak and susceptible to damage |
| Ten/ tend/ tendo/ teno | Tendon |
| Tendinitis | Inflammation of the tendon, usually due to excessive use or an injury |
| Testicul/testiculo | testis |
| Testicular Feminization Syndrome | Infants born as girls with vaginal pouches sans uterus. A testes is present in the abdomen; however, the body tissues are unable to respond to testosterone. More commonly referred to as, Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome. |
| Therm/ thermo | Heat |
| Thermography | A method where the temperature patterns of the skins surface are documented as images |
| Thry/ Thyro | The thyroid gland |
| Hypothyroidism | A condition where the thyroid hormone production in the body is less than normal |
| Tonsill/ tonsillo | The tonsils |
| Tonsillectomy | A surgical operation conducted for removal of the tonsils |
| Trache/ tracheo | The trachea |
| Tracheostomy | Creating an opening in the windpipe when upper airway is obstructed |
| Tympan/ Tympano | The eardrum |
| Tympanostomy Tube | A tube introduced into the eardrum to avoid fluid buildup in the middle ear |
| Ur/ Ure/ Urea/ ureo/ Urin/ Urino/ Uro | Urine |
| Urinalysis | A diagnostic test conducted to measure the urines physical characteristics, such as color and the concentration |
| Urethr/ urethero | Urethra |
| Urethrocele | A female deformity where the tissues in the vagina's front wall are weakened, thus allowing the urethra to bulge back and down into the vagina |
| Vesic/ vesico | The bladder |
| Vesicouretheral reflux | The retrograde flow of urine from the bladder back to the kidneys |
| Viscer/ viscero | Internal organs (the viscera) |
| Visceroptosis | The prolapse/ downward displacement of the internal organs within the abdomen |
| Xanth/ Xantho | Yellow |
| Xanthochromia | Yellowish discoloration; indicative of the presence of bilirubin in the cerebrospinal fluid |
| Xer/ Xero | Dry |
| Xerophthiamia | Dryness of the eyes, caused by a lack of Vitamin A |
Created by:
muszii33
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