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Chapter 10
The Nervous system: The brain and cranial nerves
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Each half of the cerebrum | Hemisphere |
The "little" brain the coordinates voluntary muscles movements | Cerebellum |
An individual subdivision of the cerebrum that regulates specific functions | Lobe |
The portion of the brain that contains the thalamus and hypothalamus | Diencephalon |
Connects the spinal cord with the brain | Brainstem |
The largest part of the brain | Cerebrum |
The weblike middle meningeal layer | Arachnoid |
Venous channel between the two outermost meninges | Subarachnoid space |
The innermost layer of the meninges, the delicate membrane in which there are many blood vessels | Pia mater |
The area in which cerebrospinal fluid collects before it's return to the blood | Dural sinus |
The vascular network in a ventricle that forms cerebrospinal fluid | Choroid Plexus |
The projections in the dural sinuses through which CSF is returned to the blood | Arachnoid Villi |
The outermost layer of the meninges, which is the thickest and toughest | Dura mater |
A shallow groove that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes | lateral sulcus |
Masses of gray matter deep within the cerebrum that help regulate body movement and the muscles of facial expressions | Basal ganglia |
A band of white matter that carries impulses between the cerebrum and the brainstem | Internal capsule |
An elevated portion of the cerebral cortex | Gyrus |
A band of myelinated fibers that bridges the two cerebral hemispheres | Coupus Callosum |
The neurotransmitter used by the basal nuclei neurons | Dopamine |
The portion of the cerebral cortex where visual impulses from the retina interpreted | Occipital Lobe |
The portion of the cerebral cortex where auditory impulses are interpreted | Temporal Lobe |
Location of a sensory area for interpretation of pain, touch, and temperature | Parietal Lobe |
The lobe controlling voluntary muscles | Frontal Lobe |
The portion of the brainstem composed of myelinated nerve fibers that connects to the cerebellum | Pons |
The superior portion of the brainstem | Midbrain |
The part of the brain between the pons and the spinal cord | Medulla oblongate |
The region of the diencephalon that acts as a relay center for sensory stimuli | Thalamus |
The region consisting of portions of the cerebrum and diencephalon that is involved in emotional states and behavior | Limbic System |
Nuclei that regulate the contraction of smooth muscles in blood vessel walls | Vasomotor Center |
The portion of the brain controlling the autonomic nervous system | Hypothalamus |
3 Functions of the cerebellum are | 1. Balance 2. Coordination 3. Muscle Tone - Produce charges |
Technique that produces a picture of brain activity levels in the different parts of the brain | PET |
Technique that measures electric currents in the brain | EEG |
X-Ray technique the provides photos of bone, cavities, and lesions | CT |
Technique used to visualize soft tissue, such as scar tissue, hemorrhages, and tumors that does not use x-rays | MRI |
A motor nerve controlling the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and larynx muscles | Accessory nerve |
The nerve that controls contraction of a single eye muscle | Trochlear nerve |
The nerve that carries visual impulses from the eye to the brain | Optic nerve |
The most important sensory nerve of the face and head | Trigeminal nerve |
The nerve the supplies most of the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities | Vagus nerve |
The nerve the supplies the muscles of facial expression | Facial nerve |
The nerve that carries sensory impulses for hearing and equilibrium | Vestibulocochlear nerve |
A brain tumor derived from neuroglia | Glioma |
A chronic brain disorder that usually can be diagnosed by Electroencephalography | Epilepsy |
Damage to brain tissue caused by a blood clot, ruptured vessel, or embolism | OVA (Cerebrovascular accident) |
Loss of the power of expression by speech or writing | Aphasia |
A degenerative brain disorder associated with the development of amyloid | Alzheimer disease |
A condition that may result from obstruction of the normal flow of CSF | Hydrocephalus |
Bleeding between the dura mater and the skull | Epidural hematoma |
The general term for inflammation of the brain | Encephalitis |
Tom/o | Cut |
Chori/o | Membrane |
Gloss/o | Tongue |
Encephal/o | Brain |
Cerebr/o | Brain |
Cephal/o | head |
Phasia | Speech, ability to talk |
Later/o | Lateral, side |
Gyr/o | Circle |
rhage | Bursting forth |
The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebrum | Cortex |