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Chapter 15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Renaissance | ¨rebirth¨; following the Middle Ages , a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome. |
| Humanism | an intellectual movement during the Renaissance that focused on the study of worldly subjects, such as poetry and philosophy, and on human potential and achievements |
| Secular | having to do with worldly, as opposed to religious, matters |
| Baldasscre Castiglone | Italian diplomat and writer; he wrote The Courtier. |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | Italian political philosopher. |
| Lorenzo de Medici | Florentine ruler; he supported some of the most talented Renaissance artists. He was known for his patronage and liberal mind. |
| Michelangelo Buonarroti | Italian Renaissance sculptor, architect, painter, and poet |
| Raphael | Italian Renaissance painter; he painted fresco, his most famous being The School of Athens |
| Johannes Gutenburg | German inventor and printer; he invented movable type. |
| Desiderius Erasmus | Dutch priest and humanist |
| Sir Thomas More | English statesmen and author |
| William Shakespeare | English dramatist and poet; he is considered one of the greatest dramatists of all time and wrote great works |
| Christian de Pisan | French poet and author; her work The City of Women discuses the role of women in society. |
| Albrecht Durer | German painter, engraver, and theoretician |
| Jan van Eyck | Flemish painter; his paintings focused on landscapes and domestic life and fused the everyday with the religious |
| Protestant Reformation | a religious movement in the 1500s that split the Christian church in western Europe and led the establishment of a number of new churches |
| Indulgences | pardons issued by the pope of the Roman Catholic Church that could reduce a soul´s time in in purgatory |
| Martin Luther | Greek monk whose protests against Catholic Church in 1517 led to calls for reform and to the movement known as the Reformation |
| Theocracy | a government ruled by religious leaders who claim God´s authority |
| John Calvin | French protestant theologian of the Reformation |
| Predestination | the belief that at the beginning of time of time God decided who would gain salvation |
| Henry VIII | King of England from 1509 to 1547;Henry established the Church of England in 1532 |
| Annulled | declared invalid based on church laws |
| Elizabeth I | Queen of England from 1558 to 1603; a skillful politician and diplomat |
| Counter-Reformation | the Catholic Church´s series of reforms in response to the Protestantism in the mid 1500s to the early 1600s |
| Jesuits | members of a Catholic religious order, the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534 |
| Ignatius of Loyola | Spanish Churchman and founder of the Jesuits |
| Council of Trent | a meeting of Church leaders in the 1500s whose purpose was to clearly define Catholic doctrines for the Catholic Reformation |
| Charles Borromeo | Archbishop of Milan from 1560 to 1584 |
| Francis of Sales | French Roman Catholic leader and preacher; he worked to win back the district of Savoy, in France, from Calvinism |
| Teresa of Avila | Spanish Carmelite nun and one of the principal saints of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Leonardo de Vinci | Italian painter, sculptor, achiest, musician, and scientist. |
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