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P Mylin Study Stack
Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| or/o | mouth |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| lingu/o | tongue |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| cheil/o | lip |
| labi/o | lip |
| dent/o | teeth |
| odont/o | teeth |
| gingiv/o | gum(s) |
| sial/o | saliva, salivary gland |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| pharyng/o | pharynx (throat) |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| pylor/o | pylorus |
| duoden/o | duodenum (first part of small intestine) |
| enter/o | intestine (usually small intestine) |
| jejun/o | jejunum (second part of small intestine) |
| ile/o | ileum (third part of small intestine) |
| append/o | appendix |
| appendic/o | appendix |
| col/o; colon/o | colon |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| rect/o | rectum |
| proct/o | anus, rectum |
| an/o | anus |
| hepat/o | liver |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| cholangi/o | bile vessel |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| -emesis | vomiting |
| -iasis | abnormal condition (produced by something specified) |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| -orexia | appetite |
| -pepsia | digestion |
| -phagia | swallowing, eating |
| -prandial | meal |
| -rrhea | discharge, flow |
| dia- | through, across |
| peri- | around |
| sub- | under, below |
| Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat | anorexia |
| Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen | ascites |
| Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer | cachexiz |
| Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct | cholelithiasis |
| Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accompanied by pain | colic |
| Chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis | Crohn disease |
| Act of swallowing | deglutition |
| Epegastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion | dyspepsia |
| choledoch/o | bile duct |
| Inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia | dysphagia |
| Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the interior portion of the esophagus | gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
| Offensive, or "bad," breath | halitosis |
| Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus | hematemesis |
| Passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices | melena |
| Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight | obesity |
| Body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight | morbid obesity |
| Severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction | obstipation |
| Progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body; especially the GI tract | peristalsis |
| Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach | regurgitation |
| Visual examination of a cavity or canal using a flexible fiberoptic instrument called an endoscope | endoscopy |
| Endoscopy of the esophagus (esophagoscopy), stomach (gastroscopy), and duodenum (duodenoscopy) | upper GI |
| Endoscopy of the colon (colonoscopy), sigmoid colon (sigmoidoscopy) and rectum and anal canal (proctoscopy) | lower GI |
| Applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect presence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces; also called Hemoccult (trade name of a modified guaiac test) | stool guaiac |
| Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium) into the rectum; also called lower GI series | barium enema (BE) |
| Endoscopic procedure that provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts to identify partial or total obstructions, as well as stones, cysts, and tumors | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) |
| Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis | biopsy (bx) |
| Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another | anastomosis |
| Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments iether surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves | lithotripsy |
| Use of shockwaves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts | extracorporeal shockwave |
| Excision of a polyp | polypectomy |
| Counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach | antacids |
| Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract | antidiarrheals |
| Control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain | antiemetics |
| Decrease gastrointestinal (GI) spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract | antispasmodics |
| Treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defecation | laxatives |
| alk phos | alkaline phosphatase |
| Ba | barium |
| BaE, BE | barium enema |
| BM | bowel movement |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CF | cystic fibrosis |
| CT | computed tomography |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| GB | gallbladder |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HAV | hepatitis A virus |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| HCV | hepatitis C virus |
| HDV | hepatitis D virus |
| HEV | hepatitis E virus |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| LFT | liver function test |
| NG | neogastric |
| stat, STAT | immediately |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| R/O | rule out |
| a.c. | before meals |
| b.i.d. | twice a day |
| hs | half strength |
| h.s. | at bedtime |
| NPO, n.p.o. | nothing by mouth |
| pc, p.c. | after meals |
| p.o. | by mouth |
| p.r.n. | as required |
| qAM | every morning |
| q.d. | every day |
| q.h. | every hour |
| q.2h. | every two hours |
| q.i.d. | four times a day |
| q.o.d. | every other day |
| qOM | every evening |
| t.i.d. | three times a day |
| chol/e | bile, gall |
Created by:
pmylin
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