Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AP Ch. 9 Development
AP Human Geography Chapter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the process of improving the ________ conditions of people through the diffusion of ____________ and ____________ | material; knowledge; technology |
| what are MDCs also known as | developed countries and core countries |
| what are LDCs also known as | least developed, underdeveloped countries or peripheral countries |
| what are developing countries also known as | newly industrializing, emerging, or semi-peripheral |
| what countries make up BRICs | Brazil, Russia, India, China |
| what do natural resources have a major impact on | the developement of a region |
| women are paid ________ for equal work in MDCs and LDCs | less |
| women work _________ hours than men in almost all countries | more |
| according to the core-periphery model, how many regions can the world be divided into and what are those regions | 4: core, upward transition, downward transition, resource frontiers |
| what are some characteristics of core regions | metropolitan, powerful, technologically advanced, high standard of living, MDCs |
| what would be some core regions in the united states | washington DC, new york, bosnywash |
| cities and urban areas are so close | megalopolis |
| areas of growth and development outside of the core ( gaining jobs and industry) | upward transition regions |
| what region would have a loss of industry and jobs | downward transition regions |
| what would be a downward transition area in the united states | rust belt |
| area with resources to provide to the industrial core | resource frontier |
| in what regions do people have to develop infrastructure to transport the resources | resource frontier |
| what is a modern resource frontier in the united states | alaska |
| what was the resource frontier in the 1880s | california |
| according to Wallerstein's world systems theory what are the 3 regions | core, periphery, and semi-periphery |
| what kind of jobs are a part of the primary sector | raw materials/ extraction |
| what kind of jobs are a part of the secondary sector | manufacturing |
| what kind of jobs are a part of the teritary sector | services- includes: sales, transportation, healthcare, law, restaurants, etc. |
| what kind of jobs do core regions have | tertiary |
| what kind of jobs do periphery regions have | primary |
| what kind of jobs do semi-periphery regions have | secondary |
| can we answer the "why of where" question looking at economic sectors | yes- each place's economic sector is due to its amount of technology |
| criticism of rostow's model 1. based on western ideal of _____________ 2. assumes that all countries will develop like __________________ historically developed 3. is a ________________ pattern, though not all countries will develop in a linear manner | 1. mass consumption 2. western countries 3. linear |
| idea that countries will always reach highest level of development no matter what- only difference is time | developmentalism |
| developmentalism predicts that all countries will eventually reach the ______________ level of development | highest |
| criticism of developmentalism is that it is not an ___________________ system, core countries have advantages that peripheral countries do not | equal opportunity |
| the rich and powerful keep a portion of the population dependent upon them in order to control available resources | dependency theory |
| can the dependency theory be applied to individual countries on a global scale | yes |
| ex. of the dependency theory: core countries keep peripheral countries underdeveloped in order to have access to their ____________________ | cheap labor and resources |
| a city that is more than double the size of every other city in the country | primate city |
| what does a primate city and colonialism equal | where the colonial government is built nice houses, transportation, and hospitals; this attracts people |
| what other model does Rostow's model explain | the DTM |
| what is the birth rate, death rate and NIR in stage 1 of Rostow's model and what kind of region is it and explain why | birth: high death: high NIR: low periphery region no medical technology; rely on farming |
| what is the birth rate, death rate and NIR in stage 2 of Rostow's model and what kind of region is it and explain why | birth: high death: started to drop NIR: slowly rising transition between periphery and semi-periphery people are starting to live longer |
| what is the birth rate, death rate and NIR in stage 3 of Rostow's model and what kind of region is it and explain why | birth: falling death: falling NIR: rising semi-periphery shift to industry |
| what is the birth rate, death rate and NIR in stage 4 of Rostow's model and what kind of region is it and explain why | birth: leveling out death: low NIR: level transition between semi- periphery and core diversification |
| what is the birth rate, death rate and NIR in stage 5 of Rostow's model and what kind of region is it and explain why | birth: low death: higher than CBR NIR: negative core region more service jobs |
| at what stage of Rostow's model is the welfare system fully developed | stage 5 |
| what are the names of the stages of Rostow's model | 1. traditional society 2. transitional stage 3. take off 4. drive to maturity 5. high mass consumption |
| where do MDCs seem to be located | in the north |
| where do LDCs seem to be located | in the south |
| why is Australia a MDC but in the south | oldest British colony |
| measurement of life enjoyment | standard of living |
| what does per capita mean | per head |
| total number of goods and services produced by a country divided by the total population | GDP per captia |
| what is the problem with using the GDP per capita for predicting standard of living within a country | everybody makes a different amount |
| measures income disparity between the wealthiest and the poorest in a country (100 is the highest and worst score) | Gini coefficient |
| what 3 things make up the physical quality of life index | literacy rate, life expectancy, infant mortality rate |
| what system is used more than anything else to measure development | Human Development Index (HDI) |
| developed to gain a predictor of standard of living by evaluating both the productivity of a country and social factors | HDI |
| what economic factors make up the HDI | GDP per capita |
| what social factors make up the HDI | literacy rate, level of education, life expectancy |
| on the HDI what is the highest and best score | 1 |
| evaluates gender inequality by comparing per capita income, school inrollment, literacy, life expectancy | gender-related development index (GDI) |
| evaluated gender equality by comparing per capita income and types of jobs held by women (technical/administrative (tertiary) versus labor or basic jobs (primary) ) | gender empowerment measurement (GEM) |
| what is the current way of measuring gender equality | Gender inequality index (GII) |
| what 3 factors is the GII based on | reproductive health (maternal mortality ration and adolescent fertility rate), empowerment (share of parliamentary seats), labor market participation |
| what does a high score on the GII mean | lots of gender inequality |
| the idea to produce as many goods as possible domestically | self-sufficiency |
| taxes on imports | tariffs |
| government pays people to produce a specific good | subsidies |
| what do tariffs encourage people to buy | domestic products |
| what does self-sufficiency focus on reducing | poverty instead of individual wealth |
| countries can increase their development by trading with other countries | international trade |
| what kind of organization is the WTO | supranational |
| goals of the WTO | reduce barriers to international trade; allow for easier movement of money between countries; enforce trade agreements |
| can countries file a complaint with the WTO if another country violated a trade agreement | yes |
| gives countries loans to complete development projects | foreign direct investment |
| provides loans to countries to complete specific development projects such as strengthening infrastructure, financial institutions, transportation modes, and service projects | world bank |
| do loans given out by IMF have to have a specific project | no |
| gives loans to countries who are financially insecure to help stabilize their economy | international monetary fund (IMF) |
| aid is not a loan, but a payment of money to help them complete development goals | foreign development aid |
| what does NGO stand for | non- governmental organizations |
| loaning small amounts of money | microcredit |
| where did Grameen bank start | Bangladesh |
| who does Grameen bank give most of their loans to | impoverished people especially women |
| does Grameen bank give loans with collateral | no |
| what is the percentage of repayment to grameen bank | 98% |
| emphasis on conservation of resources for future generations | sustainable development |
| what does sustainable development require | development of renewable energy sources |
| what does sustainable development try to balance | economic growth without jeopardizing the environment |
| what are the 8 UN millennium development goals | 1end extreme poverty and hunger2achieve universal primary education3promote gender equality&empower women4reduce child mortality5improve maternal health6combat HIV/AIDS&other diseases7ensure environ. sustainability8develop a global partnership for develop |
| what are the 17 UN sustainable development goals | 1no poverty2 0 hunger3good health&well-being4good edu5gender =6/7clean water&energy8decent work&eco. growth9indust,innovate.infra.10reduce in=11sustain.cities12 respons.consumption13climate action14/15water&land life16 peace institute17partner2reach goal |
| what years were used to achieve the millennium development goals | 2000-2015 |
| what years were used to achieve the sustainable development goals | 2015-2030 |
| when was the 1st time the world got together to create development goals | UN millennium development goals 2000-2015 |
| gross value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy | value added |
| development of core regions at the expense of those on the periphery | uneven development |
| portion of economy concerned with transportation, communications and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment | tertiary sector |
| quantity of something that producers have available for sale | supply |
| economic policies imposed on LDCs by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spendings, controlling inflation, selling pubicly owned utilities to private coroporations | structural adjustment program |
| portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials | secondary sector |
| resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by humans | renewable energy |
| materials from a nuclear reaction that emit radiation | radioactive waste |
| amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country | purchasing power parity |
| amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits | proven reserves |
| value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it | productivity |
| portion of economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials form Earth's surface | primary sector |
| amount of a resource in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist | potential reserve |
| solar energy cell, usually made from silicon that collects solar rays to generate electricity | photovoltaic cells |
| solar energy systems that collect energy without the use of mechanical devices | passive solar energy systems |
| source of energy that has a finite supply capable of being exhausted | nonrenewable energy |
| 8 international development goals that all members of the UN have agreed to achieve by 2015 | millennium development goals |
| provision of small loans and other financial services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries | microfinance |
| the number of women who die diving birth per 100,000 births | maternal mortality ratio |
| the percentage of a country's people who can read and write | literacy rate |
| modification of the HDI to account for inequality within a country | inequality adjusted HDI |
| power generated from moving water | hydroelectric power |
| indicator of the levels of development for each country, constructed by the UN that is based on income, literacy, education, and life expectancy | HDI |
| rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value | housing bubble |
| value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country | gross national income |
| value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period | gross domestic product |
| energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks | geothermal energy |
| measure of the extent of each country's gender inequality | gender inequality index |
| creation of energy by joining the nuclei of 2 hydrogen atoms to form helium | fusion |
| pumping water at high pressure to break apart rocks in order to release natural gas | fracking |
| energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago | fossil fuels |
| investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country | foreign direct investment |
| splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy | fission |
| percentage of women hold full time jobs outside the home | female labor force participation rate |
| alternative to international trade that emphasizes small business and worker owned democratically run cooperatives | fair trade |
| process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology | development |
| a country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development | developing countries |
| a country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development | developed countries |
| the quantity of something that consumers are willing and able to buy | demand |
| a nuclear power plant that creates its own fuel from plutonium | breeder reactor |
| fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste | biomass fuel |
| the number of births per 1,000 women ages 15 to 19 | adolescent fertility rate |
| solar energy systems that collects energy through the use of mechanical devices such a s photovoltaic cells or flat-plate collectors | active solar energy system |
Created by:
dancer2024
Popular AP Human Geography sets