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Chapter 10 MedTerm
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the difference between glia cells and neurons | neurons cannot reproduce; glial cells can reproduce |
| gyri (gyrus) | convolutions- produces a rounded ride on the surface of the cerebral cortex |
| sulci (sulcus) | fissures- depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex |
| CSF | (cerebrospinal fluid) protects the brain and spinal cord-circulates between membranes around the brain |
| Six structures of the brain | Cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata |
| hypothamalus | (activity) neurons that control body temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, and emotions such as fear and pleasure. (produces and regulates hormones - pituitary gland) (below the thalamus |
| thalamus | selectively processing and relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex- maintaining awareness and consciousness (above hypothalamus) |
| cerebellum | (posterior) voluntary movements and to maintain balance and posture |
| pons | the brainstem- connection of nerve and nerve fibers pathways eyes and face |
| medulla oblongata | also in brainstem- controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of the blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over |
| afferent sensory | ex. responds to heat detects excess heat and sends impulse through central the nervous system- carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord (toward) |
| efferent neuron | carries messages away .. spinal cord to the efferent organs (skeletal muscle) ex. causes muscles to contract as a reflex to move the body away from the heat |
| subdural hematoma | collection of blood outside the brain- (head injuries) tearing between the dura and arachnoid membranes |
| epidural hematoma | the bleeding between the inside of the skull and the outer covering of the brain (dura) - ruptured meningeal artery |
| hydocephalus | abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain-fluid accumulates under pressure in the ventricles of the brain |
| spina bifida | defects in the lumber spinal column caused by imperfect union of the vertebral parts (spine and spinal cord don't form properly) |
| myelomeningocele | the meninges and spinal cord protrude to the outside of the body- (external sac contains meninges, CSF) |
| epilepsy | chronic brain disorder- recurrent seizure activity |
| multiple sclerosis | destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS (central nervous system) and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue (lack communication with brain and rest of the body) |
| Parkinson's disease | neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement |
| demyelination | destruction of myelin on axons of neurons (as in multiple sclerosis) |
| Brain tumor (gliomas) or (meningiomas) | a malignant tumor of glial tissue of the nervous system |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| 3 causes of stroke | thrombotic, embolic, hemorrhagic= occlusions are treated with TPA |
| Electroencephalography (EEG) | recording of the electrical activity of the brain |
| lumbar puncture (LP) | (CSF- cerebrospinal fluid) withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis |
| absence seizure | form of seizure consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness of surroundings |
| aneurysm | enlarged, weakened area in arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hemorrhage and CVA stroke |
| astrocytoma | malignant tumor of astrocytes (glial brain cells) |
| embolus | clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel |
| occlusion | blockage |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack, can occur thrombolytic, embolic, and even hemorrhagic |
| tonic clonic seizure | major (grand mal) convulsive seizure marked by sudden loss of consciousness, stiffening of muscles, and twitching and jerking movements |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| EEG | electroencephalography |
| LP | lumbar puncture |
| MS | multiple sclerosis |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack, temporary interference with the blood supply to the brain |
| TPA | tissue plasminogen activator; a clot dissolving drug used as therapy for stroke |
| comat/o | deep sleep (coma) |
| lex/o | word, phrase |
| phasia | speech |
| paresis | weakness |
| lepsy | seizure |
| kinesia | movement |
| syncop/o | to cut off, cut short |
| tax/o | order, coordination |
| sthenia | strength |
| esthesia | feeling, nervous sensation |
| radicul/o | nerve root (of spinal nerves) |
| synapse | space between nerve cells |
| plexus | network of nerve fibers |
| dendrite | branching fiber that is first part of a neuron to receive a nervous impulse |
| myelin sheath | protective fatty tissue that surrounds the axon of a nerve cell |
| cauda equina | collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord |
| oligodendroglia | neuroglial cell that produce myelin |
| cerebral cortex | outer region of the largest part of the brain; composed of gray matter |
| subarachroid space | contains cerebrospinal fluid |
| embolism | obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot or foreign substance |
| acetylocholine | substance that helps transmit a nervous impulse |
| neurasthenia | lack of strength in nerves |
| dysPHASIA | difficult speech |
| anALGESIA | a condition of insensitivity to pain |
| hemiPLEGIA | paralysis of right or left of the body |
| dysESTHESIA | condition of painful nervous sensations |
| glioBLASTOMA | tumor of immature brain cells |
| pia mater | the innermost meningeal membrane |
| astrocyte (astrogial cell) | a star shaped glial cell of the CNS |
| capillary | branching blood vessel that form network |
| modified phagocyte | a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria |
Created by:
naldin1
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