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Ch.14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Crusades | Series of wars carried out by European Christians to gain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims |
| Holy Land | Region that included Jerusalem and the area around it, considered holy |
| Pope Urban II | Catholic Pope from 1088 to 1099; called on Christians to start the first Crusade |
| Saladin | Muslim sultan and hero; campaigned to drive to drive the Christians out of the Holy Land |
| Richard the Lion-Hearted | King of England from 1189 to 1199; fought in the Holy Land against Saladin during the Third Crusade |
| Hanseatic League | Organization of of North German cities that controlled trade |
| credit | arrangement by which a purchaser borrows money from a bank and agrees to pay it back over time |
| guilds | Associations of people who worked at the same craft or trade |
| apprentice | Person who learns a skill under a master of the trade |
| journeyman | Skilled worker who was paid by the master of a guild |
| Gothic | Style of church architecture characterized by tall spires and flying buttresses |
| flying buttress | Arched stone support on the outside of buildings |
| illumination | Decorating a written manuscript with pictures or designs |
| Hildegard of Bingen | Medieval nun and author; she wrote any poems |
| troubadours | Travelling singers who entertained people during the Middle Ages |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | English poet; wrote The Canterbury Tales |
| Dante Alighieri | Italian poet and humanist; wrote The Divine Comedy |
| Thomas Aquinas | Italian philosopher and theologian; argued that rational thought could support Catholicism |
| Scholasticism | Theological and philosophical school of thought |
| heresy | Opinion that goes against the teachings of the church |
| Inquisitions | Institution of the Roman Catholic Church that sought to eliminate heresy |
| friars | Members of certain Roman Catholic religious orders |
| Hundred Years´ War | War fought between France and England for control of the French throne |
| Joan of Arc | French soldier and national heroine; she rallied french troops and was burned for heresy |
| Wars of the Roses | Civil war for the crown of England between York and Lancaster |
| Henry VII | King of England; the first king from the House of Tudor |
| Black Death | Outbreak of the bubonic plague that swept through Europe |
Created by:
wesleycarver
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