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W. Hist - Topic 13
W. Hist - Topic 13 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anesthetic | drug that prevents pain during surgery |
| enclosure | the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers |
| smelt | melt in order to get the pure matter away from its waste matter |
| capital | money or wealth used to invest in business or enterprise |
| enterprise | business organization in such areas as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories |
| entrepreneur | person who assumes financial risk in the hope of making a profit |
| putting-out system | system developed in the 18th century in which tasks were distributed to individuals who completed the work in their own homes; also known as cottage industry |
| turnpike | private road built by entrepreneurs who charged a toll to travelers to use it |
| urban center | large, crowded urban area |
| urbanization | movement of people from rural area to cities |
| tenement | multistory building divided into crowded apartments |
| labor union | organization of workers who bargain for better pay and working conditions |
| standard of living | the level of material goods and services available to people in a society |
| social mobility | the ability to move in social class |
| free market | market regulated by the natural laws of supply and demand |
| utilitarianism | idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people |
| socialism | system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses |
| means of production | farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produce and distribute goods |
| proletariat | working class |
| communism | form of socialism advocated by Karl Marx; According to Marx, class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creation of a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the community as a whole. |
| social democracy | political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism into socialism instead of a sudden, violent overthrow of the system |
| dynamo | a machine used to generate electricity |
| interchangeable parts | identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing |
| assembly line | a production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks |
| stock | shares in a company |
| corporation | a business owned by many investors who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment |
| cartel | a group of companies that join together to control the production and price of a product |
| germ theory | the theory that infectious diseases are caused by certain microbes |
| urban renewal | the process of fixing up the poor areas of a city |
| mutual-aid society | self-help group to aid sick or injured workers |
| cult of domesticity | idealization of women and the home |
| temperance movement | campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages |
| women's suffrage | right of women to vote |
| racism | belief that one racial group is superior to another |
| social gospel | movement of the 1800s that urged Christians to do social service |
| romanticism | 19th-century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason |
| realism | 19th-century artistic movement whose aim was to represent the world as it is |
| impressionism | school of painting of the late 1800s and early 1900s that tried to capture fleeting visual impressions |
Created by:
brittlloyd
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