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Med Term Mod 13
Terms & Meanings
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| blood | connective tissue composed of plasma & formed elements, or blood cells, suspended in blood plasma |
| plasma | clear, straw-colored flui; consisting primarily of water, but also contains proteins, sugar, salts, hormoned & vitamins |
| plasma consists of 55% of | the blood's total volume |
| plasma also picks up | certain wastes & gases at certain times |
| albumin | protein found in blood |
| antibody | protein made by WBC in response to antigens in blood |
| anticoagulant | substance that prevents blood clotting |
| antigen | foreign agent that stimulates the production of an antibody |
| Coombs test | antiglobulin test |
| billirubin | orange-yellow pigment found in bile |
| coagulation | process of blood clotting |
| colony-stimulating factor | protein that stimulates growth & proliferation of WBC (granulocytes) |
| cytology | study of cells |
| differentiation | specialization of cells from immature to mature forms |
| erythroblast | immature, developing RBC |
| erythropoiesis | formation of RBC |
| erythropoietin | hormone produced by kidney to stimulate bone marrow to produce erythrocytes |
| fibrin | protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot |
| fibrinogen | plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in clotting process |
| globulins | major blood proteins; immunoglobulins, alpha, beta, & gamma globulins are examples |
| granulocyte | WBC with numerous dark-staining granules |
| hematopoiesis | formation of blood cells |
| hemoglobin | blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in RBC |
| hemolysis | destruction/breakdown of blood; specifically RBC |
| hemostasis | stoppage of bleeding/circulation of blood |
| heparin | anticoagulant found in blood & tissues |
| immune system | response of immune system to foreign invasion |
| immunoglobin | antibody-containing protein in the blood;IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| lymphocyte | white blood cell with a single nucleus (mononuclear); capable of producing anitbodies |
| macrophage | large phagocytic cell migrating from blood into tissues |
| megakaryocyte | large, giant cell with a big nucleus; platlet precursor found in bone marrow |
| monoblast | immature monocyte |
| monocyte | WBC (agranulocyte) with one large nucleus; enters tissues as macrophages |
| mononuclear | pertaining to a WBC with a single, round nucleus; monocyte & lymphocyte |
| myeloblast | immature granulocytic WBC; cell normally only found in bone marrow |
| myelogenous | pertaining to cells produced in bone marrow |
| myeloid | derived from bone marrow |
| myelopoiesis | formation & development of bone marrow/cells tha originate from it |
| neutrophil | WBC with dark granules that stain with a neutral dye |
| phagocyte formed in bone marrow & body's first line of defense against disease | neutrophil |
| pallative | relieving, but not curing illness |
| phagocyte | cell that engulfs another cell/foreign organism & destroys it |
| platlet | clotting cell/thrombocyte |
| prothrombin | plasma protein converted to thrombin in clotting process |
| polymophonuclear | pertaining to a multi-lobed nucleus (in granulocytic WBCs) |
| reticulocyte | immature erythrocyte with network of strands |
| Rh factor | antigen/protein on RBCs of Rh positive individuals |
| serum | plasma minus clotting proteins, prothrombin & fibrinogen, and clotting cells |
| stem cell | unspecialized cell that gives rise to all forms of specialized cells in body |
| are found in the bone marrow and lead to the development of all types of blood cells | hematopoietic stem cells |
| thrombin | enzyme necessary for blood clotting |
| converts fibrinogen to fibrin in the clotting process | thrombin |
| thrombocyte | platlet; clotting cell |
| hemocytoblasts are another name for | hematopoietic stem cells |
| hematopoietic stem cells are pluripotent cells, which means | they can develop into several different mature cell types, in response to hormonal influence |
| stem cells undergo _____ to form specialized cell types | differentiation |
| in the bone marrow the cells are differentiated into | proerythroblasts, megakaryoblasts & myeloblasts |
| in the lymph tissue these cells are formed | lymphoblasts & monoblasts |
| pliable disks that are concave on both sides; perform pH maintenance & carrying respiratory gases | erythrocytes |
| term used to refer to a developing, not quite mature, RBC | reticulocyte |
| hemobglobin is made up of heme, which is | the pigmented, iron-containing portion of the molecule |
| hemobglobin is made up of globin, which is | a protein chain |
| RBC have no nucleus, instead they are packed with hundreds of molecules of | hemoglobin |
| when oxygen attaches to lossely to the iron, in hemoglobin, the oxygenated hemoglobin is now | oxyhemoglobin |
| when oxygen detaches from the hemoglobin it | diffuses from the blood to the cells |
| oxygen diffused from the blood is used during | cellular metabolism |
| RBC live for | about 120 days |
| macrophages break RBCs into | iron and protein |
| protein portion of the hemoglobin, broken down by macrophages, converts to | amino acids used to make new proteins |
| iron portion of the hemoglobin, broken down by macrophages, is either | stored in the livver or returned to bone marrow |
| basophils sercrete | heparin & histamine |
| histamine | chemical released in allergic inflammatoty reactions |
| active in parasitic infections | basophils |
| WBCs that contain large cytoplasmic granules that stain orange-red with acidic dye | eosinophils |
| eosinophils | increase in numbers to protect from allergens & play important role in defending against parasitic infections |
| first type of WBC to arrive at the scene of injury | neutrophils |
| all granulocytes are formed in the | red bone marrow |
| as granculocytes mature they develop multilobed nuclei making them | polymorphonuclear |
| polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes | granulocytes, especially neutrophils, that have developed multilobed nuclei |
| white blood cells and are usually spoken of in terms of two types: | T cells & B cells |
| mononuclear leukocytes | lymphocytes and monocytes |
| lymphocytes and monocytes are also | agranulocytes |
| not only mononuclear leukocytes, but also the largest of the leukocytes | monocytes |
| these cells help to mediate the body's immune system | lymphocytes |
| plasma consists of | 90% water & 10% other substances |
| gammaglobulins are called | immunoglobulins |
| albumin helps to maintain the proper balance of water | between capillaries & tissues |
| gamma globulins are also called | immunoglobulins |
| immunoglobulins | protects body from antigens |
| component of plasma protein that helps maintain water balance between capillaries & tissues | albumin |
| some antigens exist normally within the body; some bind to the surface of | RBCs |
| A antigens, on RBCs, are found on the | erythrocyte membrane |
| the mixing of antigens & antibodies, if given the wrong blood type, will cause | clumping of the blood, which is potentially fatal |
| O blood type is condsiered | the universal donor |
| universal donor blood type is able to be andmistered because there would not be a | antigen-antibody reaction |
| RhoGAM | drug, when administered during pregnancy and immediately after delivery, prevents the Rh- mother from forming anti-Rh antibodies |
| with assistance of ________ prothrombin activator triggers conversion of prothrombin to thrombin | blood calcium |
| fibrin, a mesh-like substance, traps red blood cells in its gel to form a | stable/fibrin clot |
| thrombin reacts with fibrinigen to change a forming clor to a | fibrous gell, called fibrin |
| first type of cell to form a clot at the injury site is | a platlet |
| substance that initiates coagulation after initial clotting at an injury site | thromboplastin |
| Clot formation in blood vessels is favored by two conditions: | slower than normal blood flow and rough spots along the lining of the blood vessel |
| antigen found on the RBC surface | Rh factor |
| dyscrasias | abnormal conditions of blood/bone marrow |
Created by:
lfrancois
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