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World Studies 8 WWI
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| imperialism | exploiting the resources of another country |
| alliances | deals made between countries for protection |
| assassination | killing of a political leader to make a statement |
| nationalism | build up armies/navies to prepare for war |
| militarism | build up of armies/navies to prepare for war |
| Black Hand | Serbian terrorist organization who wanted independence |
| Gravilo Princip | assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
| Sarajevo | location of Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassination |
| Sick man of Europe | Ottoman Empire that was falling apart in the early 1900's |
| conscription | drafting |
| Triple Alliance | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy. Before WWI Began |
| Triple Entente | France, Russia, U.K before wwi began |
| pan-Germanism | belief that german speaking people should be united into one country |
| pan-Slavism | belief that ethnic Slavs should be united into one country |
| powder key of Europe | countries on the Balkan Peninsula had tremendous ethnic tensions due to being controlled by outsider focres |
| Franz Ferdinand | Austrian archduke and heir to the throne who was assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 |
| steps to the outbreak of World War I | A-H declares war on Serbia, Russia joins to help Serbia, Germany joins to help A-H, France joins to help Russia, Germany invades Belgium to get to France, U.K. joins to help Belgium, colonies join to help the U.K. Italy sits out at first |
| propaganda | information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view |
| pals battalions | groups of men from the same school or business who could join the war effort and fight together |
| boot camps | schools that taught recruits to prepare for war |
| Lord Kitchener | British aristocrat in charge of recruiting troops |
| king's shilling | payment for joining the British millitary |
| tommies | British soldiers |
| Western Front | battle lines in northeastern France and Belgium |
| Eastern Front | battle lines between Germany and Russia |
| Schlieffen Plan | German plan to attack France quickly, knock them out of the war, then take on Russia (they wanted to avoid a two-front war, but it didn’t work) |
| First Battle of the Marne | first major battle on the Western Front; France stopped the Germans by sending over 2,000 soldiers to the front in taxi cabs; the battle soon settled into a stalemate |
| Battle of Tannenberg | Russian army was defeated in eastern Germany early in the war and Russia never really recovered |
| Battle of Galicia | Russians defeated the Austria-Hungarians and threw them out of Serbia, but Russia lost over 2.5 million men and almost knocked them out of the war |
| Battle of Verdun | over 700,000 were killed in 10 months over a few miles of land; both sides tried to wear each other down (war of attrition) |
| Battle of Gallipoli | Allies tried to open a Southern Front in Turkey by using Australian and New Zealand forces, but were stopped when Bulgaria joined the Central Powers |
| Sinking of theLusitania | British passenger ship was torpedoed by a German u-boat (submarine) and over 1,100 people were killed (at least 100 were Americans) |
| Second Battle of the Marne | Germany advanced to within 50 miles of Paris in March 1918, but were stopped by American forces who had just arrived in France |
| Battle of the Somme | 4 month long battle where 1 million soldiers were killed or wounded that left. Small Territory gain |
| trench warfare | a system of dug out holes, directly facing the enemy, that led to direct combat with little movement or gain in territory |
| No Man's Land | area between two opposing trenches |
| Stalemate | No progress made by either side during a battle |
| tanks | the first tank was nicknamed Little Willie. It weighed 14 tons, was able to carry a crew of 3, and could go just over 3 mph, but it couldn't cross many trenches (only 8 tanks survived the war) |
| Airplanes | first used for reconnaissance, or spying on the enemy, then, throwing bricks, grenades, and other objects, even rope, which pilots hoped would tangle the enemy aircraft's propeller, became more common; eventually, synchronized machine guns were added |
| Manfred von Richtofen | German flying ace credited with 80 dogfight wins before being killed in 1918 |
| machine guns | fired 400-600 rounds per minute, would rapidly overheat and become inoperative without the aid of cooling mechanisms; worth 80 rifles |
| poison gas | led its victims to a slow death, as it destroyed their respiratory organs, or led to massive blistering or blindness; types of poison gas included mustard, chlorine, phosgene |
| u-Boats | German submarines |
| torpedoes | underwater self-propelled warheads fired from German u-boats |
| bayonets | knives fixed to the end of a gun |
| grenades | hand-held bombs that could be thrown at an enemy |
| mortars | a short, stumpy tube designed to fire a projectile at a steep angle so that it falls down on the enemy |
| motorcycles | used to carry messages to the front lines: British Trusty was the most reliable type |
| Big Bertha | largest and most powerful gun in the world; had a range of 9 miles; only 4 made by the Germans |
| carrier pigeons | used to send messages to a home base |
| Cher Ami | American war pigeon who delivered a message that saved 200 men despite being shot twice |
| trench foot | disease caused by wet socks and often led to amputation |
| morning hate | firing off guns in the early morning to relieve stress |
| lice | vermin that caused constant itching that could lead to trench fever |
| rats | vermin that gorged on human remains; could produce 900 offspring in a year |
| trench cycle | rotating soilders thought different levels of trenches |
| bully beef | canned corn beef commonly eaten by soldiers in the trenches |
| George V | King of U.K during WWI |
| Nicholas II | czar if Russia through most of WWI |
| Wilhelm II | Keizer of Germany during WWI |
| Woodrow Wilson | President of the U.S during WWI |
| Zimmerman Telegram | German diplomat's telegram that tried to get Mexico to declare war on the United States |
| unrestricted submarine warframe | German plan to attack any and all ships regardless of status on the war |
| Fourteen points | president wilson's plan for what should happen when the war was over |
| total warfare | when every man, woman, and child is involved in the war somehow |
| Treaty of Versallies | official treaty that ended the war; signed in 1919 (11month,11day,11hour); Germany took plan |
| reparations | payments made for causing war damages |
| zeppelin | German blimps used to drop bombs on cities |
| new countries formed after World War I | Austria, Hungary, Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia |
| women's roles during/after World War I | truck drivers, farmers, chimney sweeps, factory workers; women were removed from the jobs at war’s end; after the war women got the right to vote, new independence: lived alone, took jobs, etc. |
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