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Path: Env
common factors
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Risk Assesment is based on? | 1) Hazard ID 2) Dose response 3) exposure assesment 4) Risk characterization |
| when a patient asks am I at risk have these in mind | 1) existance of hazard 2) exposure 3) level of risk |
| EPAs basis for hazardous nature | 1) no level at which it is not hazardous, 2) benign tumor - malignant tumor 3) animals are fine models |
| signs of tobacco in adultes | 1) rhinitis/pharyngitis 2) conjunctival irritation 3) headache 4) wheezing 5) exacerbation of chronic resp conditions |
| signs of tobacco in kids | asthma, URTI, Otitis media, snoring, pneumonia and bronchitis |
| effects on the lungs of children exposed to tobacco | reduced growth and function with doubled incidence of infection and pneumonia |
| when is maternal smoking damage most pronounced | 20-36 weeks |
| what are some fetal dev side effects of smoking in the maternal pregnancy | abruptio placenta, placenta previa, premature rupture of the membrane |
| when does tobacco exposure increase the risk of SIDS | in utero and post natal (lactation too) |
| what are some volatile organic compounda | formaldehyde, benzene, pesticides, solvents cleaning agents |
| key signs of volatile exposure | Eyes, Nose, Throat irritation, Headache, Allergic skin rx, Dyspnea, decreased serum cholinesterase, Nausea emesis, epistaxis (nose bleed) fatique dizzines |
| how do you diagnose volatile exposure | new anything, cleaners, remodeling, others complaining |
| what are the four types of radiation | alpha, Beta, gamma, X-ray |
| what is the radiation that is stopped by lead adn concrete but passes through organic matter | gamma and x |
| what are sources of natural radiaiton | sun and cosmic rays as well as uranium potassium radon |
| why do we worry about radiation | stochastic (cancer especially kids who have more dividing cells) and non-stochastic such as radiation sickness that includes damage to bone marrow, destruction of intestinal lining adn damage to the CNS |
| which radiation can we inhale and ingest | alpha and beta |
| gamma does the most damage but you can be burned by? | B particles |
| most heavy metals that are hazardous are | 25% ARE heavy metals number 123 aresenic, lead, mercury |
| cadmium and chromium (6) are what level on the toxin scale | 7 and 16 |
| mercury exposure always has? | tremor |
| cadmium hurts | kidneys and bone |
| chromium hurts | nasal and skin ulcers with incresaed risk of leukemia |
| aluminum | linked to alzheimers may result in anemia and osteodystrophy |
| Iron | hepatotoxin that causes vasodepression can occur up to 6 weeks after exposue |
| too much zinc | cramps nausea vomiting and lower HDL |
| lead | can cause reversal of dev. in kids |
| treat lead poisoning | with chelators that make compound that drive lead out of the body |
| two types of asbestos fibers | serpentine and amphiboles |
| what are serpentine fibers like | small and DOES NOT DEPOSIT |
| 90% of the worlds asbestos is | serpentine |
| what is amphiboles asbestos | long slender very brittle which makes them be trapped in the lungs |
| what diseases are associated with asbestos | asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancer (increased in those who smoke) |
| what is the acceptible level of lead in children | less than 10 ug/DL (adults are 25) |
| how do you diagnose lead toxicity | whle blood level vs. whole body burden (just the blood) |
| Lead poisoning in children can present as? | anorexic constipation and altering between hyperactivity and lethargy |
| Chornic exposure to lead results in | peripheral neuropathy and anemia |
| what effect do new pesticides (organophasphate and carbamates have on the body | bind to ach esterase so that there is no breakdown of Ach resulting in unopposed Ach stim |
| acute symptoms of new pesticide inhalation | think all things autonomic |
| when should pesticide exposure make you think life threatening | LOC, Incontinence, Seizures, Resp. Depression |
| Treat pesticide exposrue | oxygen and atropine |
| pyrethroids | mimix organophasphate toxicity but mostly act at CNS with seizures, disturbed consciousness adn paresthesia |
| how do you treat pyethroid exposure | vit e? stop paresthesia |
| Who is hazardous to the lungs | asbestos |
| who is hazardous to the kidneys | chromium and cadmium |
| who is hazardous to the hematopoietic cells | arsensic, aluminum, lead |
| who is hazardous to the liver | iron and inorganic mergury |
| who is hazardous to the CNS | elemental and organic mercury as well as arsenic and lead |
Created by:
jmuame03
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