Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
SOL Review: Unit 4-6
Persia, India, China, Greece, and Rome
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Persian Empire was built on what other civilizations? | Indus, Mesopotamian, and Nile River civilizations |
| Where was the Persian Empire located? | Present-day Iran |
| What are the characteristics of the Persian Empire? | 1) Tolerance of conquered peoples 2) Development of an imperial bureaucracy 3) Construction of a road system 4) Practice of Zoroastrianism |
| What religion was practiced by Persia? | Zoroastrianism |
| What belief is associated with Zoroastrianism? | Belief in two opposing forces in the universe |
| Where did the classical Indian civilization begin? | Indus River Valley |
| Where did the Indian civilization spread? | To the Ganges River Valley and then throughout the Indian subcontinent |
| Why was the Indian civilization able to spread with little interruption? | Geographic location - physical barriers such as Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, and the Indian Ocean made invasion difficult |
| What are historians divided on in relation to the development of Indian civilization? | They are divided over whether migrations occurred or whether Indian civilization grew from within |
| What do historians agree upon in relation to the development of Indian civilization? | That the Harappan civilization and Vedic period shaped Indian society |
| What provided migration routes into the Indian subcontinent? | Mountain passes in the Hindu Kush |
| What were the important rivers in the Indian subcontinent? | Indus and Ganges Rivers |
| What are two cities found in the Indus River Valley civilization? | Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro |
| The caste system was rooted in what? | The varnas and the jati system |
| What are varnas? | Were idealized in the Vedas to organize society equally by skill |
| What are jatis? | Used to describe divisions by occupations; governed by birth |
| Who is Asoka? | Mauryan Emperor who continued the political unification of much of India and spread Buddhism |
| What were the contributions of the Mauryan Empire? | 1) Spread of Buddhism 2) Free hospitals 3) Veterinary clinics 4) Good roads |
| What empire is considered the Golden Age of classical Indian culture? | Gupta Empire |
| What were the contributions of the Gupta Empire? | 1) Mathematics (concept of zero) 2) Medical advances (setting bones) 3) Astronomy (concept of a round earth) 4) New textiles 5) Literature |
| What influenced Indian society and culture and is still practiced in India today? | Hinduism |
| What are the major beliefs of Hinduism? | 1) Belief in many forms of one God 2) Reincarnation 3) Karma |
| What is reincarnation? | Rebirth based on karma |
| What is karma? | Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences |
| What are the sacred writings of Hinduism? | Vedas and Upanishads |
| How did Hinduism spread? | along major trade routes |
| Where did Buddhism start? | Present-day Nepal |
| Who is the founder of Buddhism? | Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) |
| Who helped strengthen Buddhism as a major faith by sending missionaries throughout Asia? | Asoka |
| What are the major beliefs of the Buddhism? | Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path to Enlightenment |
| Where did Asoka's missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism to? | China and other parts of Asia |
| Where was the classical Chinese civilization centered? | Huang He River (Yellow River) |
| Why was the Great Wall built? | To protect from migratory invaders from the north. |
| Who built the Great Wall? | Qin Shi Huangdi |
| Who governed China? | A succession of ruling families called dynasties. |
| What is the Mandate of Heaven? | Chinese rulers were given the authority to rule by Heaven as long as their rule was just |
| What is the Silk Road? | Facilitated trade and contact between China and other cultures as far away as Rome |
| What products were produced by classical China? | civil service system, paper, porcelain, and silk |
| How did Confucianism impact the social order in China? | 1) Belief that humans are essentially good, not bad 2) Respect for elders 3) Code of harmony 4) Emphasis on learning 5) Ancestor worship |
| How did Taoism impact the formation of Chinese culture and values? | 1) Humility 2) Simple life and inner peace 3) Harmony with nature |
| What does the Yin and Yang represent? | Opposites for Confucianism and Taoism |
| Where did Chinese forms of Buddhism spread? | throughout Asia |
| What shaped the economic, social, and political development of Greek civilization? | The physical geography of the Aegean Basin |
| When did the Greek civilizations emerge? | After the river valley civilizations |
| The Greek civilization became the first major civilization on which continent? | Europe |
| What are the major geographic features of Greece? | 1) Southeastern-most region of Europe 2) Surrounded by water on three sides, with smaller peninsulas 3) Mountains served as natural barriers and prevented large-scale farming 4) Deep bays and natural harbors along the coastlines |
| What was Greek mythology based on? | polytheistic religion |
| What did the Greeks use mythology to explain? | 1) natural phenomena 2) human qualities 3) life events |
| Name some Greek gods and goddess | Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, and Aphrodite |
| Where do many of Western civilization's symbols, metaphors, words, and idealized images come from? | Greek mythology |
| True or False: Men, women, and slaves all had clearly defined roles in Greek society. | True |
| Greek culture was divided into what groups? | Free and enslaved |
| How did people becomes slaves in Greece? | 1) Being captured as a prisoner of war 2) Born to enslaved parents 3) Failing to repay a loan or debt |
| True or False: Enslaved people did not have power, political rights, or status. | True |
| What role did slavery play in most Greek families? | Most families owned slaves as household servants or laborers |
| Which Greek city-state had the most democratic system of government? | Athens |
| What promoted civic and commercial life in Greece? | Greek cities (polis) |
| Who had political rights and the responsibility of civic participation in Greece? | Citizens (free adult males) |
| Who did not have any political rights in Greece? | Women, foreigners, and slaves |
| What were the stages in the evolution of Athenian government? | monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, and democracy |
| Who were Athenian tyrants who worked for reform? | Draco and Solon |
| What democratic principles originated in Athens? | direct democracy, public debate, duties of citizenship |
| What type of government did Sparta have? | Oligarchy (rule by a small group) |
| What kind of social structure did Sparta have? | Rigid |
| What type of society did Sparta have? | Militaristic and aggressive |
| What divided the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta? | Contrasting philosophies of government (democracy vs. oligarchy) |
| When did the Persian War occur? | 499 - 449 BC |
| Who fought in the Persian War? | United Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire |
| What was the outcome of the Persian War? | The Greeks defeated the Persian Empire and preserved their political independence. |
| What Athenian victories over the Persians left the Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea? | Marathon and Salamis |
| What impact did the Persian War have on Athens? | Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture. |
| When did the Golden Age of Pericles occur? | Mostly between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars |
| How did Pericles impact democracy? | Extended democracy; most adult males had an equal voice |
| How did Pericles impact Athens? | Had Athens rebuilt after the destruction in the Persian War, including Parthenon |
| When did the Peloponnesian War occur? | 431-404 BC |
| Who fought in the Peloponnesian War? | Athens and Delian League vs. Sparta and Peloponnesian League |
| What helped to cause the Peloponnesian War? | Competition for control of the Greek world between Athens and Sparta |
| What was the outcome of the Peloponnesian War? | Weakened Athens and Sparta; set the stage for Macedonia conquests of Greece and the end of Greek democracy |
| How did the Greek civilization expand? | Through trade and colonization |
| The expansion of the Greek civilization led to the spread of what? | Hellenic culture across the Mediterranean and Black Seas |
| What culture became one of the foundation stones of Western civilization? | Athenian culture during the classical era |
| How did Phillip of Macedonia's conquest impact Greece? | Returned Greece to a monarchy |
| How did Alexander the Great's conquest impact Greece? | Spread Greek influence in Egypt and Near East |
| Which Greeks made contributions in the area of drama? | Aeschylus and Sophocles |
| Which Greek made contributions in the area of poetry? What poems did he write? | Homer; Iliad and Odyssey |
| Which Greeks made contributions in the area of history? | Herodotus and Thucydides |
| Which Greek made contributions in the area of sculpture? | Phidias |
| Which Greeks made contributions in the area of science? | Archimedes and Hippocrates |
| Which Greeks made contributions in the area of mathematics? | Euclid and Pythagoras |
| Which Greeks made contributions in the area of philosophy? | Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle |
| What are the three types of columns used in Greek architecture? | Doric (Parthenon), Ionic, and Corinthian |
| What protected the Italian peninsula? | The sea and the arc of the Alps mountains |
| When did the Rome emerge as the dominant civilization around the Mediterranean and in Europe? | After the collapse of Alexander the Great's empire |
| Where was Rome located? | Italian Peninsula in the Mediterranean Basin |
| How did Rome's location beneficial? | Distant from eastern Mediterranean powers |
| How was Rome's location on the Mediterranean beneficial? | Provided protection and seaborne commerce (trade) |
| What was Roman mythology based on? | Greek mythology; polytheistic religion |
| Besides the Greek civilization, where do many of Western civilization's symbols, metaphors, words, and idealized images come from? | Roman mythology |
| Roman society was divided into what three groups? | Patricians, Plebeians, and Slaves |
| Who are Patricians? | Wealthy individuals whose families were eligible to hold public office; few in number |
| Who are Plebeians? | Poorer individuals who could not hold office; majority of the population |
| How did someone become a slave in Rome? | 1) Captured as a prisoner of war 2) Born to enslaved parents 3) Fail to repay a loan or debts Not based on race |
| What did the Romans use mythology to explain? | natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events |
| Name some Roman gods and goddess | Jupiter (Zeus), Juno (Hera), Apollo, Diana (Artemis), Minerva (Athena), and Venus (Aphrodite) |
| What type of government did the Roman Republic have? | representative democracy |
| Who was excluded from the governing process in the Roman Republic? | women, most aliens (non-Romans living in the Republic), and slaves |
| What helped to spread Roman cultural and technological achievements throughout the Roman Empire? | Conquests and trade |
| Who was considered a citizen in the Roman Republic? | Patrician and plebeian men and selected foreigners |
| What are some examples of the responsibilities of citizenship under the Roman Republic? | pay taxes, military service |
| What features of democracy developed in the Roman Republic? | representative democracy, assemblies, The Senate, Consuls, Laws of Rome codified as the Twelve Tables |
| Give three examples of contributions made by Rome in the area of art and architecture | Pantheon, Colosseum, Forum |
| Give three examples of contributions made by Rome in the area of technology | Roads, aqueducts, Roman arches |
| What contributions in the area of science did Ptolemy make? | Geocentric theory - the Earth is the center of the universe |
| Give an example of contributions made by Rome in the area of medicine | Emphasis on public health - public baths, public water systems, medical schools |
| What language was used by the Romans? | Latin, became basis for Romance Languages |
| What contributions in the area of literature did Virgil make? | Aeneid |
| What contribution in the area of law did Rome make? | The principle of "innocent until proven guilty" from Twelve Tables |
| After the victory over Carthage in the Punic Wars, what was Roman able to do? | Dominate the Mediterranean basin, leading to the diffusion of Roman culture |
| Why did Rome and Carthage fight in the Punic Wars? | Competition for trade |
| Which Carthaginian general invaded the Italian Peninsula? | Hannibal |
| What was the outcome of the Punic Wars? | The destruction of Carthage and expanded trade and wealth for Rome |
| Where did Roman culture spread? | Mediterranean Basin (Africa, Asia, Europe, including the Hellenistic world of Eastern Mediterranean) and Western Europe (Gaul, British Isles) |
| What were the causes of the decline of the Roman Republic? (hint: there are 6) | 1) spread of slavery in the agricultural system 2) migration of small farmers into cities; unemployment 3) civil war over Julius Caesar 4) devaluation of currency; inflation 5) First Triumvirate 6) Julius Caesar: Seizure of power, assassination |
| When the Roman Republic ended, what was it replaced with? | Imperial regime |
| Who was Rome's first emperor? | Augustus Caesar |
| Who did Augustus Caesar defeat in the civil war for power? | Marc Antony |
| What did Augustus Caesar do for Rome? | Unified and enlarged the empire using imperial authority and the military |
| What was one leadership challenge faced by imperial Rome? | Failure to provide for the peaceful succession of emperors |
| What is the Pax Romana? | Two centuries of peace and prosperity under imperial rule; a period of expansion and solidification of the Roman Empire |
| What was the economic impact of the Pax Romana? | - Established uniform system of money, which helped to expand trade - Guaranteed safe travel and trade on Roman roads - Promoted prosperity and stability |
| What was the social impact of the Pax Romana? | - Returned stability to social classes - Increased emphasis on the family |
| What was the political impact of the Pax Romana? | - Created a civil service - Developed a uniform rule of law |
| How did Rome's geographic size cause the decline of the Western Roman Empire? | Difficulty of defense and administration |
| How did Rome's economy cause the decline of the Western Roman Empire? | The cost of defense and devaluation of Roman currency |
| How did Rome's military cause the decline of the Western Roman Empire? | Increasing reliance on foreigners to serve in and to lead the Roman army |
| How did Rome's political problems cause the decline of the Western Roman Empire? | Civil conflict and weak administration |
| How did invasions cause the decline of the Western Roman Empire? | Germanic migrations and settlement |
| Why did the population in the Western Roman Empire decline? | Epidemic diseases |
| Who established a second capital in the Eastern Roman Empire? What did he call it? | Constantine, Constantinople |
| When did the Western Roman Empire cease to exist? | In 476 AD when it no longer had a Roman emperor |
| The Eastern Roman Empire became known as - | Byzantine Empire |
| Why did Christianity present a powerful challenge to the Roman religion? | It's monotheistic beliefs conflicted with the polytheistic beliefs of the Romans. |
| Christianity's roots can be traced to what other religion? | Judaism |
| Who is considered the founder of Christianity? | Jesus of Nazareth |
| Who do Christians believe Jesus is? | Messiah, Son and incarnation of God |
| What type of religion is Christianity? | Monotheistic |
| What is the New Testament? | Part of the Bible that contains accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus, as well as writings of early Christians |
| What do Christians believe about what happens after you die? | Life after death |
| Who also helped to establish Christian doctrines? | Early church councils |
| Why did Christianity spread? | Popularity of the message; early martyrs inspired others |
| How did Christianity spread? | Carried by the Apostles, including Paul, throughout the Roman Empire |
| How did Emperor Constantine impact the Church in the late Roman Empire? | He converted to Christianity and made it legal. |
| What religion became the state religion of Rome during the late Roman Empire? | Christianity |
| What became the source of moral authority in the late Roman Empire? | The Church |
| What became the main unifying force of Western Europe? | The Church |
| What sometimes divided Christians during the late Roman Empire? | Heresies such as Arianism and Donatism |
| What caused the influence of the Roman Catholic Church to grow? | Decline of secular authority |
| Who preserved Greco-Roman cultural achievements? | Monasteries |
| How did missionaries help increase the influence of the Roman Catholic Church? | Carried Christianity and the Latin alphabet to Germanic tribes |
| Who anointed Charlemagne emperor in 800 AD? | The Pope |
| Who served the religious and social needs of the people? | Parish priests |
Created by:
rafterj
Popular World History sets