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Path Cardiovascular
Pathologies of the Cardiovascular System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anemia | Reduction in the quantity of RBCs or hemoglobin which leads to low oxygen levels in the blood |
| Atherosclerosis | hardening of the arteries from any cause |
| Coronary Artery Disease | the presence of atherosclerotic plaque within coronary arteries; narrowed arteries reduce blood flow and create ischemia often leading to heart attack |
| Leukemia | Cancer of the blood involving blood cells and blood-forming organs that cause dysfunctional white blood cells |
| Myocardial Infarction | Death of the heart muscle from reduced blood flow and prolonged ischemia; heart attack |
| Peripheral Arterial Disease | the presence of atherosclerotic plaque within arteries outside the neck or heart; affected arteries can restric blood flow and promote blood clot formation |
| Raynaud Syndrome | A disease with periodic episodes of vasospasms in the fingers and toes. It can also affect the tip of the nose, parts of the ears, parts of the cheek, and tongue |
| Varicose Veins | Dilated veins caused by incompetent valves; occur when veins are not strong enough to keep up with a person's cardiovascular needs |
| Angina Pectoris | chest pain from a temporary reduction of blood flow to the heart |
| Heart Failure | progressive loss of cardiac function |
| Hypertension | Persistent, sustained high blood pressure--above-normal pressure of the blood against artery walls |
| Aneurysm | Bulging of weakened arterial wall, due to atherosclerosis, injury, congenital weakness, some types of infection |
| Hemophilia | A group of blood clotting disorders, range in severity depending on which clotting factor is missing. |
| Myeloma | a blood cancer involving maturing B cells in bone marrow. Unlike other blood cancers, it can erode into healthy bone tissue |
| Sickle Cell Disease | genetic condition that results in abnormal hemoglobin causing RBCs to collapse and lose their ability to pass easily through capillaries |
| Embolism | a traveling blood clot that leads to obstruction of blood flow |
| Atrial fibrilation | upper chambers of the heart lose the ability to contract in a strong coordinated way and instead quiver erratically |
| Spider veins | very small permanently dialated capillaries and venules, usually harmless |
| Thrombophlebitis | the presence of clots and inflammation in superficial veins |
| Deep vein thrombosis | the presence of clots and inflammation in deep veins |
| Carotid artery disease | formation of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery; can lead to stroke if dislodged |
| Hemorrhoids | clusters of vascular tissue around the anus |
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