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Med Term Mod 12
Terms & Meanings
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adenoid hypertrophy | increased development of adenoids |
| adenoidectomy | removal of adenoids |
| adenoids | lymphatic tissue in nasopharynx |
| alveolar | pertaining to an alveoulus |
| alveolus | clusters of millions of minuteair sacs, arising from alveolar ducts |
| plural for alveoli | alvelous |
| anosmia | loss of sense of smell |
| anthracosis | abnormal condition of coal dust in lungs |
| also called black lung disease | anthracosis |
| apex of lung | uppermost portion of lung |
| apical | pertaining to top of an organ |
| apnea | stoppage of breathing |
| asbestosis | abnormal condition of absestos fiber particles in the lungs |
| asphyxia | deficient oxygean & increased cardbon dioxide in bloodstream |
| asthma | chronic inflammation disorder, characterized by airway obstruction |
| caused by bronchial edema, bronchoconstriction & increased mucus production | asthma |
| atelectasis | collapsed lung |
| auscliation | listening for sounds in chest & abdomen using stethoscope |
| bacilli | rod-shaped bacteria that are cause of tuberculosis |
| base of lung | lower portion of lung |
| bronchial alveolar lavage | irrigation/washing of a bronchus by injecting fluid through a bronchoscope & then removing to analyze contents |
| bronchiectasis | abnormal widening of bronchial tubes |
| bronchiole | small bronchial tube |
| bronchiolitis | inflammation of a bronchiole |
| bronchodilator | agent that open bronchial tubes |
| bronchopleural | pertaining to a bronchial tube & pluera |
| bronchoscopy | examination of the bronchi with a fiber-optic or rigid endoscope |
| bronchospasm | involuntary muscular contractions in bronchial tubes leading to narrowing of the bronchi |
| bronchus | branch of trachea leading towards air sacs of lung |
| carbon dioxide | gas produced in tissue cells when oxygen & food combine |
| chest tomograms | xray image series to reaveal chest, layers/sections of the lung |
| chronic bronchitis | inflammation of bronchi persisting over long period of time |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | lung & bronchial tube conditions that block & damage airways & persists over long period of time |
| chronic bronchitis & emphysema are examples of | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| cilia | thin hairs that line nasal passageways & tubes of respiratory tract |
| computed tomography of chest | computer generated xray images showing thoracic structures in cross-section |
| cor pulmonale | enlargement of the right side of the heart due to lung disease |
| croup | acute viral infection in infants & children |
| strider | strained, high-pitched noisy breathing |
| characterized by barking cough, obstruction of larynx & strider | croup |
| cyanosis | abnormal condition of bluish coloration of skin |
| cystic fibrosis | inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in mucous secretions that do not drain normally |
| diaphragm | muscle that separates chest & abdomen |
| diptheria | acute infection of throat caused by diptheria bacteria |
| characterized by formation of a thick membrane that obstructs throat & breathing | diptheria |
| dysphonia | abnormal voice/sound produced by speaking |
| dyspnea | abnormal breathing |
| emphysema | hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls |
| empyema | pus in pleural space surrounding lungs |
| endotrachial intubation | tube placed through mouth & throat into trachea to establish an airway |
| epiglottis | leaf-shaped flap of tissue (cartilage) |
| epiglottitis | inflammation of epiglottis |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| expectoration | coughin up of mucus/sputum from throat & respiratory tract |
| expiration | process of breathing out or exhalation |
| exudate | fluid, cells or other substances that slowly leave cells/capillaries through pores/breaks in cell membranes |
| glottis | slit-like opening between vocal folds of larynx |
| hemoptysis | spitting up blood from respiratory tract |
| hemothorax | blood in pleural cavity surrounding lungs |
| hilar | pertaining to hilum |
| hilum of lung | midline region where bronchi, blood vessels & nerves enter & exit lungs |
| hydrothorax | water/fluid that accumulates in pleural space surrounding the lungs |
| hypercapnia | increased levels of cardon dioxide in bloodstream |
| hyperpnea | increase in breathing rate |
| hypoxia | deficiency of oxygen in tissues |
| inspiration | act of breathing in |
| inhalation is also called | inspiration |
| laryngeal | pertaining to larynx |
| laryngitis | inflammation of larynx |
| laryngoscopy | endoscopic visual exam of larynx |
| laryngospasm | involuntary contraction of muscles surrounding larynx |
| larynx | voicebox, located at upper region of trachea |
| lobectomy | removal of a lobe/section of an organ |
| lung biopsy | surgical removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic exam of cells |
| lung cancer | malignant tumor arising from lungs & bronchial tubes |
| MRI of chest | magnetic waves create images of chest in all 3 planes of body |
| mediastinoscopy | endoscopic visual exam of mediastinum |
| mediastinum | region between lungs in chest cavity |
| mesothelioma | rare malignant tumor arising in pleura & associated with asbestos exposure |
| nares | nose |
| nasogastric intubation | placement of tube through nose into stomach |
| obstructive lung disease | narrowed airways result in resistance to airflow during breathing |
| asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD & cystic fibrosis are all examples of | obstructive lung disease |
| orthopnea | breathing is only comfortable when a patient is in an upright position |
| oxygen | gas inhaled & entering bloodstream through lungs |
| palatine tonsil | one of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in oral pharynx |
| palliative | relieving, but not curing an illness |
| paranasal sinus | one of a pair of air cavities in the bones around the nose |
| parietal plueral | outer layer of pleura lying closest to chest wall |
| peroxysmal | pertaining to a suddent occurance |
| percussion | tapping on surface to determine underlying structure |
| perussis | bacterial infection of throat, larynx & trachea |
| perussis is also called | whooping cough |
| pharyngeal | pertaining to throat/pharynx |
| pharynx | throat, nasopharynx, oropharynx & laryngopharynx |
| phrenic nerve | carries impulses to diaphragm from brain |
| pleura | double-folded membrane surrounding each lung, lining the chest wall |
| pleural cavity | space between pleura surrounding each lung |
| pleural effusion | collection of fluid in pleural cavity |
| pleural rub | scratchy sound produced by inflamed/irritated pleural surfaces rubbing against each other |
| pleurisy | inflammation of pleura, or pleuritis |
| pleurodynia | pain associated with pleura |
| pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition of collection of dust particles in lungs |
| pneumonectomy | removal of a lung |
| pneumonia | acute inflammation & infection of alveoli which fill with pus & products of inflammation |
| pneumothorax | presence of air/gas in pleural cavity causing lung to collapse |
| PET of lung | redioactive substance injected into patient & images reveal the metabolic activity in lung for diagnosis of malignant tumors |
| pulmonary | pertaining to lungs |
| pulmonary abcess | collection of pus in lungs |
| pulmonary angiography | xray recording of lung blood vessels after injecting contrast into the pulmonary artery |
| pulmonary edema | collection of fluid in air sacs & bronchioles of lung |
| pulmonary embolism | clot/material from distant veing that blocks a blood vessel in the lung |
| pulmonary fibrosis | formation of scar tissue in connective tissue of the lung |
| pulmonary function test | tests that measure the breathing mechanics of the lung |
| pulmonary infarction | area of dead tissue in the lung |
| pulmonary parenchyma | essential parts of lungs responsible for respiration |
| bronchioles & alveoli are considered | the pulmonary parenchyma |
| purulent | pus-filled |
| pyothorax | pus collection in the pleural cavity |
| rale | abnormal, fine, crackling sound hear on auscilation when there is fluid in the aveoli |
| respiration | process by which oxygen & carbon dioxide are exchanged between the body & its enviroment through movement of air in & out of the lungs |
| restrictive lung disease | condition in which lung expansion is limited by diseases that affect the chest, pleura or lung tissue itself. |
| pulmonary fibrosis, radiation damage & pheunoconiosis are examples of | restrictive lung disease |
| rhinoplasty | surgical repair of nose |
| rhinorrhea | discharge of mucus from nose |
| rhonchus (rhonchi) | loud, rumbling sound heard on auscilation of bronchi obstructed by sputum |
| sarcoidosis | chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause in which small nodules/tubercles devlops in lungs, lymph nodes, & other organs |
| silicosis | silica glass duct collects in lungs; type of pneumoconiosis |
| sinusitis | inflammation of paranasal sinuses |
| spirometer | instrument to measure breathing |
| sputum | material expelled from chest by coughing/clearing throat; phelgm |
| sputum culture | sputum collected & placed in growth medium to analyze the type of microorganisms present |
| stridor | strained, high-pitched noisy breathing associated with obstruction of larynx/trachea |
| thoracentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural space |
| thoracic | pertaining to the chest |
| thorascopy | endoscopic visualization of chest |
| thoracotomy | incision of chest |
| tonsillectomy | removal of tonsils |
| trachea | windpipe |
| tracheal stenosis | narrowing of trachea |
| tracheostomy | new opening of trachea to outside of body |
| tracheotomy | incision of trachea |
| tube thoracostomy | chest tube passed through opening in skin of chest to continuously drain pleural effusion |
| tuberculin test | determined past/present exposire to TB based on a positive skin test |
| tuberculosis | infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| lungs usually involved by other organs may be affected by | tuberculosis |
| ventilation-perfusion scan | detection device records radioactivity after injection of readioisotope/small amounts of inhaled radioactive gas |
| visceral pleura | innermost membrane of pleura, lying closet to lung tissue |
| wheeze | continuous high-pitched whistling sound heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration/expiration |
| cor pulmonale | heart failure |
| upper respiratory tract includes | nose, pharynx, adenoids (pharnygeal tonsils), palatine tonsils, epiglottis, larynx & trachea |
| nares is the | entrance to respiratory passageway through which air travels to & from lungs |
| exterior of nares consists of | cartilage & bone overlaid by skin |
| interior of nares consists of | mucous membrane & cilia, forming the lining of nasal cavity |
| nasal cavity lies over the roof of the mouth & is separated by | septum |
| septum | a midline partition of the nasal cavity |
| air passing along the lining of the nares is | warmed, moistened & filtered of impurities/foreign substances |
| alomst the entire lining of respiratory tract is lined with | specialized respiratory mucous membrane |
| the specialized respiratory mucous membrane is composed of | ciliated pseudostratified epithelium |
| the respiratory mucosa is rish in | goblet cells |
| the cilia on surface of respiratory mucosa sweep contaminants in the mucus secretions upward towards the | pharynx to eventually be removed |
| also lined with a mucous membrane which produces secretions that drain into & lubricate the nasal cavity | paranasal sinuses |
| air-filled spaces which help to tighten the bones of skull & serve as resonating chambers for speech | the paranasal sinuses |
| frontal, ethmoid, maxillary & sphenoid are all | part of the paranasal sinuses |
| the uppermost section of pharynx, the nasopharynx, is located | just posterior to the nasal cavity |
| the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and eustachian tube are contained with | the nasopharynx |
| the 2nd division of pharyx, oropharynx, is located | juest behind the mouth |
| palatine tonsils are contained within | the oropharynx |
| 3rd section of pharyx, laryngopharynx, | opens into larynx & esophagus |
| nasal conchae | thin bony plates that project into the nasal cavity; called also turbinates or turbinate bones. |
| larynx consists of | a cartilaginous framework |
| Adam's apple | held together by muscles & ligaments; most prominent portion of larynx; also called thyroid cartilage |
| the larynx is also lined with | a ciliated mucous membrane, which helps to warm, humidify & filter incoming air |
| from the base of the tounge, includes the epiglottis, vocal cords, trachea & thyroid cartilage | the larynx |
| laryngeal muscles function to widen/narrow opening between | vocal cords |
| when air is expired through the glottis it causes the vocal cord to vibrate, producing | sound |
| protects the glottis preventing aspiration of food into airway, by covering entrance to larynx, during swallowing | the epiglottis |
| lower respiratory tract consists of | all segments of bronchial tree & the lungs |
| the only lower airway structures not contained within the lungs are | trachea & main stem bronchi |
| cylindrical tube in neck | trachea |
| the trachea is divided at its lower end into two large airway passages called | the bronchial tubes/bronchi |
| divides the trachea into the two branches | the mediastinum |
| left bronchus enters the | left lung |
| right bronchus is | slightly larger & more verticle that the left, enters the right lung |
| bronchi divide into | primary, secondary & tertiary; in that order |
| bronchioles branch to form miscroscopic tubes called | alveolar ducts |
| perform the function of gas exchange within the lungs | alveoli |
| walls of alveoli consist of | a single layer of epithelial cells |
| once within the bloodstream oxygen binds with iron in the | protein hemoglobin |
| carry oxygen to all parts of the body & carbon dioxide to lungs for expiration | erythrocytes |
| thorax | chest |
| the lungs extend from | the clavicle to the diaphragm |
| primary muscle of respiration | the diaphragm |
| pair of highly elastic organs that provide an enormous surface area for gas exchange | lungs & diaphragm |
| space separating pluera layers contains a small amount of ____ that helps to keep lungs inflated & lubricate during respiration | surfactant |
| modified cone-shaped organs | the lungs |
| basilar | pertaining to the base |
| right lung has a ___________ lobe | right, middle & upper |
| the left lung only has 2 lobes in order to | compensate for the space that the heart takes up in chest cavity |
| ventilation | activity by which air moves into and out of the lungs |
| made up of inspiration & expiration | ventilation |
| during inspiration air flows from the atmosphere into the lungs because | contraction of diaphragm causes pressure within thorax to fall below that of the external enviroment |
| during expiration the diaphragm relaxes upward, which causes | a reduction in volume of thoacic cavity & increased pressure within, forcing air out of the lungs |
| respiration includes | ventilation, gas exchange & gas transport |
| relies on the interdependence of many body systems for its effectiveness | respiration |
| during _____ pressure in the thoarcic cavity increases | expiration |
| during _____ the thoracic cavity expands | inspiration |
| expectorants | agents that help to expel mucus |
Created by:
lfrancois
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