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Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polis | A city-state of ancient Greece |
| Acropolis | A walled, high area surrounding a polis |
| Agora | An open area that served as a meeting place and market in early Greek city-states |
| Helots | In Ancient Greece, state slaves |
| Hoplites | Foot solders in Ancient Greece |
| Hubris | Great pride |
| Democracy | A government run by people |
| Solon | Athenian statesman; he introduced the first civil democracy in Greece and created the Boule |
| Tyrant | A strong man who seized power by force and claimed to rule for the good of the people |
| Cleisthenes | Ancient Greek ruler often called "father of democracy." He increased the size of the council that governed Athens to 500, and he reorganized Athenian tribes on a geographical rather then familiar basis |
| Direct Democracy | The type of governing system where all people vote directly on an issue |
| Archon | A chief of state of ancient Athens |
| Phalanx | A military formation composed of rows of solders standing shoulder to shoulder carrying pikes or heavy spears |
| Pericles | Athenian statesman;he encouraged the spreed of democracy in Athens and the growth of the city-states power |
| Socrates | Greek philosopher of Athens; his teaching style was based on asking questions. He wanted people to question their own beliefs. He was arrested and condemned to death for challenging authority |
| Plato | Greek Philosopher; a student of Socrates, he started a school in Athens called the academy. In The Republic he describes an ideal society run by philosopher-kings |
| Aristotle | Greek Philosopher and student of Plato; he taught that logic was the tool for any necessary inquiry; his work later became the basis for medieval scholasticism |
| Reason | clear and ordered thinking |
| Logic | The process or making inferences |
| Homer | Greek poet, he wrote the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, which tells stories set during and after the Trojan War |
| Lyric Poetry | A type of poetry that gained its name from the lyre, an instrument that played while poetry was sung |
| Herodotus | Greek Historian; his most famous work The Histories, which describes major events in the Persian War |
| Thucydides | Greek Historian of Athens; he wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War. He is regarded as the first critical historian and is often ranked as the greatest historian of antiquity |
| Alexander the great | King of Macedon and conqueror of much of Asia; he considered one of the greatest generals of all time |
| Hellenistic | The blending of Greek cultures with those of Persia, Egypt, and Central Asia following the conquests of Alexander the Great |
| Eratosthenes | Greek Astronomer and geographer; he calculated the circumference of the globe using careful observations and simple geometry |
| Archimedes | Greek Mathematician; and inventor; he was known for his work in geometry, physics, and mechanics |
| Euclid | Greek Geometer; he created practical books on geometric forms and mathematics. His work formed the basis for later European studies in geometry |
Created by:
evelynguillen
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