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Psych development
Theoretical Perspectives in Motor Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Main theoretical perspectives | -maturation -information processing - Ecological |
| Maturational perspective | Motor development is an internal or innate process driven by a biological or genetic time clock (genetics & hereditary) |
| Normative descriptive period | -described average performance in terms of quantitative scores on motor performance tests -focused on the products of development rather than on the developmental process |
| Biomechanical descriptive period | the movement patterns children used in performing fundamental skills |
| Information Processing Perspective | The brain acts like a computer taking in information, processing it, and outputting movement operations that occur as a result of some external or environmental input |
| What is maturation in terms of Newells model | Individual - genetic |
| What is information processing in terms of Newells model | Environment |
| What do theories provide? | systematic way to look and explain developmental change |
| What did Arnold Gesell say? | -Maturation is a process controlled by internal (genetic) factors rather than external (environmental) factors - Believed variability in one person to the next |
| Why were twins used to study maturation? | Genetically identical – so they can study both genetics and environmental influence |
| Myrtle McGraw study purpose? | to determine if a child’s normal progress in motor development could be altered by given conditions |
| Myrtle McGraw conclusion? | Many characteristics develop at same rate in both twins, suggesting genetics factors trump environment factors |
| Ecological perspective | -Stresses interaction between the individual, environment, and task that leads to movement -Takes into account many constraints that exist both inside and outside the body |
| How does the ecological perspective differ from the maturational and information processing perspectives? | -Focuses on 3 factors, not just nervous system/genes (maturational) -Movement is controlled by various parts of the nervous system, not one “executive” in the brain making all decisions (information processing) |
| Ecological Perspective subcategory | - dynamic systems approach - Perception- action approach |
| Dynamic systems approach | Motor behavior is not hard-wired but instead “softly assembled” |
| rate limiter | an individual constraint or system that holds back or slows the emergence of a motor skill |
| Perception-action approach | -A close interrelationship exists between the perceptual system and the motor system -Implies that people assess environmental properties in relation to themselves, nor according to an objective standard |
| Affordance | describes the function an environmental object provides to an individual (based both on their body and the on the object’s size, shape, texture, etc.) |
| Body scaling | the process of changing the dimensions of the physical environment or object in relation to the structural constraints of a performer |
Created by:
rmart11
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