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APWH/Stearns
CHAPTER 12: REUNIFICATION & RENAISSANCE CHINA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Wendi | Member of prominent northern Chinese family during period of Six Dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor; supported by nomadic peoples of northern China; established Sui dynasty. |
| Yangdi | Restored Confucian examination system; constructed a canal system; assassinated in 618. |
| Li Yuan | Also known as Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu. |
| Ministry of Rites | Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars. |
| jinshi | Title granted to those students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office. |
| Chan Buddhism | Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society. |
| Mahayana | Chinese version of Buddhism; placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as god or savior. |
| Wuzong | Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology. |
| Khitan nomads | Founded the Liao Dynasty of Manchuria, 907; remianed a threat to Song China; highly influenced by Chinese culture. |
| Zhao Kuangyin | Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent. |
| Zhu Xi | Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action. |
| Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society. |
| Southern Song | Rump state of Song dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out of much larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song. |
| Jurchens | Founders of the Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south. |
| Grand Canal | Canal system begun by Shi Yangdi joining the Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin. |
| junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula. |
| flying money | Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency. |
| Changan | Capital of Tang dynasty; population of two million, larger than any other city in the world at that time. |
| Hangzhou | Capital of later Song dynasty; located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded one million. |
| foot-binding | Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household. |
| Bi Sheng | Devised a technique of printing with movable type making it possible for China to be the most contemporary literate civilization. |
| Li Bo | Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. |
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